아프리카의 발전국가모델에 대한 연구: 동아시아 국가와의 비교
A Study on the Developmental states in Africa
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본 연구는 아프리카 지역에서 높은 경제성장을 달성하는 국가들이 동아시아 모델과 어떠한 유사점과 차이점을 가지는지 분석하고, 상호 비교를 통하여 아프리카 발전국가의 특성 및 시사점을 고찰하였다. 오늘날 아프리카의 일부 국가들은 과거 동아시아의 발전국가와 많은 유사점을 공유하며, 동아시아의 발전 경험을 뒤따르려는 의지를 표명하고 있다. 하지만 과거 동아시아의 발전국가들은 서구와 일본이라는 모델을 그대로 답습하지 않고, 각 국가의 특징에 맞게 적용함으로써 성공적인 발전을 이루어 내었다. 또한 동아시아에서 발전주의는 성장에 기여했지만, 계층 간 불평등은 오늘날까지 심각한 문제로 남아 있다. 아프리카 국가들의 다양한 종족구성과 오랜 식민지 경험을 고려해 볼 때, 동아시아 모델의 답습은 부패 등 다른 문제를 초래할 가능성이 상존한다. 아프리카 국가들은 기존의 모델을 ‘재현’하는 것이 아닌, 유연한 ‘응용’을 통하여 동아시아 국가들에게서 나타났던 한계점과 부작용을 숙고할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the similarities and differences between countries achieving high economic growth in Africa and the East Asian model, and examined the implications of developmental states in Africa through comparison. Today, African states share many similarities with the developmental states of East Asia in the past, and express their willingness to follow the development experience of East Asia. However, in the past, developmental states in East Asia did not follow the Western and Japanese models as they were, but made successful developments by applying them according to the characteristics of each country. Developmentalism contributed to growth in East Asia, but inequality between classes remains a serious problem to this day. Considering the diverse ethnic composition and long colonial experiences of African states, the follow-up of the East Asian model is likely to lead to other problems, such as increased corruption. African states need to consider the limitations and side effects that have emerged in East Asian states through flexible "application" rather than "reconstruction" existing models.
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