중국 학당악가와 국민국가 만들기

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine Chinese school songs and nation building in the modern era. School songs are typical in the music culture of East Asia, having accepted Western music and its cultures into the region. In late Qing(淸) Dynasty, Chinese school songs, which are called xuetangyuege (學堂樂歌) in Chinese, were sung in the music classes(樂歌) of newly modernized schools(學堂). After the failure of the Hundred Days’Reform in 1898, many intelligentsias fled to Tokyo, Japan, studied Japanese school songs and started to write similar songs in a Chinese version. By virtue of experiencing school songs in Japan, they could make their own and teach them at schools in China as well as publish the music scores by the middle of the 1900s. In this paper, I examine Chinese school songs as follows: First, the purpose and process of accepting Japanese school songs after the China-Japan War in 1894. I regarded this as a reform movement by the intelligentsias against the old structure to save the Qing dynasty. Second, analyzing five different music scores published from 1905 to 1909, I examine how Japanese school songs became utilized in China. Lastly, as Chinese school songs are interconnected with a save-the-nation movement by the intelligentsia who tried to build a nation-state to overcome a semi-colonial situation, a text analysis of the songs based on “On the New Citizen”(新民說) by Liang Qi-chao(梁啓超), a powerful reformist in modern era, is conducted. He insisted that knowledge(知), morality(德), and a healthy body(體) is 88 positively necessary to build a nation. I classified songs according to these three keywords to study particular features of Chinese school song. Notwithstanding that the study of the influence of Western music in East Asia has begun to emerge, there is still a lack of research on Chinese music compared to Korea and Japan in the field of Korean musicology. Therefore, this study fills an important gap in academic studies and brings China into a field of studying school songs in East Asia.