Criticism of Endymion and Its Repercussions: John Keats’s The Cap and Bells
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This article scrutinizes how John Keats’s The Cap and Bells reworks one of his early publications, Endymion (1818), by deploying parody, irony, and satire with reference to Lord Byron and Edmund Spenser. Unlike his contemporaries who were concerned about the serious impacts of the scathing criticism of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine and The Quarterly Review on his health and works, Keats’s own reaction was rather stoical. Their critical remarks actually served to reignite Keats’s passionate literary pursuit, as a number of his poems and letters written after Endymion clearly demonstrate. Keats vigorously reconsidered his initial work Endymion and created a new piece of humorous and satirical verse, The Cap and Bells. This later poem incorporates the prominent themes of “Why did I laugh tonight?” and parodies the problem with finding immortal love encountered by the main protagonists in Endymion. Keats then deliberately moves on to highlight the tribulations of love involving the transgressive desire of characters who reflect his contemporary political and literary figures. In establishing these thematic concerns in The Cap and Bells, Keats manifests the underlying ideas of Byron’s “Fare Thee Well!” and Cantos I-II of Don Juan. In addition, he incorporates literary elements of Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene which serve to dynamize the structure, characterization, and thematic preoccupations of the poem. The key notions and literary strategy of The Cap and Bells significantly conveys the culmination of his contemplation of the predicament and irony of the world, and finally enshrine man’s resilient pursuit of reformation and liberation.
Abstract
This article scrutinizes how John Keats’s The Cap and Bells reworks one of his early publications, Endymion (1818), by deploying parody, irony, and satire with reference to Lord Byron and Edmund Spenser. Unlike his contemporaries who were concerned about the serious impacts of the scathing criticism of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine and The Quarterly Review on his health and works, Keats’s own reaction was rather stoical. Their critical remarks actually served to reignite Keats’s passionate literary pursuit, as a number of his poems and letters written after Endymion clearly demonstrate. Keats vigorously reconsidered his initial work Endymion and created a new piece of humorous and satirical verse, The Cap and Bells. This later poem incorporates the prominent themes of “Why did I laugh tonight?” and parodies the problem with finding immortal love encountered by the main protagonists in Endymion. Keats then deliberately moves on to highlight the tribulations of love involving the transgressive desire of characters who reflect his contemporary political and literary figures. In establishing these thematic concerns in The Cap and Bells, Keats manifests the underlying ideas of Byron’s “Fare Thee Well!” and Cantos I-II of Don Juan. In addition, he incorporates literary elements of Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene which serve to dynamize the structure, characterization, and thematic preoccupations of the poem. The key notions and literary strategy of The Cap and Bells significantly conveys the culmination of his contemplation of the predicament and irony of the world, and finally enshrine man’s resilient pursuit of reformation and liberation.
참고문헌 (27)
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