高麗前期 직역계승과 田柴科의 구조

Abstract

Gyeongjeong Jeonsigwa(更定田柴科) during the Goryeo Dynasty can be largely divided into three classes. The top class received the most land and consisted of civil and military officials between 1gwa(科) and 11gwa (Level I). This was followed by civil and military officials between 12 gwa and 14 gwa, as well as namban(南班) and hyangjik(鄕職) officials (Level II). Level III consisted of low-ranking officials of 15 gwa and below, isok(吏屬; subofficial functionary), namban, soldiers, and hanin(閑人). In terms of succeeding official work, Jeonsigwa system worked as below. Offsprings of civil and military officials that entered the office through civil service examination or eumseo(蔭敍; protected appointment system) started as low-ranking officials that received land comparable to 15 gwa and below, and then could be promoted from level III to level II or higher. They received land corresponding to their positions, and pumgwandongjeong(品官同正) received 25 gyeol(結) of land comparable to 15 gwa through munsangye(文散階). Isok and soldiers that inherit Jeonsigwa through Jeonjeong-yeonlib(田丁連立) also received land comparable to 15 gwa and below. However, their treatment was different from offsprings of civil and military officials in that they remained at their positions and then passed on both official work and Jeonsigwa to their children and relatives, remaining at Level III. The Level III officials consisted of soldiers and isok who passed on their official work to their children, and offsprings of civil and military officials that entered the office through civil service examination or eumseo. While the former group of officials maintained their official work and claim to the land through a unique system of Jeonjeong-yeonlib, the latter group of officials had a chance of promotion to receive more land. Providing land to official workers was the goal of Jeonsigwa, and for some officials, it came with fixed and secured official work, while for others, emphasis was put on maintaining social hierarchy and ensuring favorable treatment for children of high-ranking officials.