한국어와 일본어의 문말 술어 생략 현상에 대한 연구 -한국어조사 ‘을/를’과 일본어조사 「を」를 중심으로-

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate ellipsis and meaning transparency in Korean and Japanese, focusing on functions for ending expressions such as Korean postpositions, '-eul/ -reul' and a Japanese postposition, 「を」. In chapter 3, we examined the transparency of meaning with elliptical expressions. These expressions are more frequently used in Japanese than in Korean in colloquial style. In particular, when a speaker wants to let listeners do something by using some expressions such as requirement and command, the tendency to omit the predicates happen more often in order to alleviate the nuance of commands in Japanese. In Korean, in the case of some verbs including '-hada' in the predicate like 'yeonrakhada (to keep in touch with)', 'paedalhada (to deliver)', and 'malhada (to speak)', and some lexical words like 'juseyo' and 'jushipshio', the frequency of ellipsis is much less than that of Japanese. In addition, in the case of using uncomfortable and negative expressions, some predicates such as command and requirement tend to be omitted with the form of 'Focus + 「を」' in Japanese. On the other hand, these expressions are less frequently omitted in Korean than in Japanese, since by using these expressions a speaker can clearly transfer what he or she intends, eliminate unnecessary misunderstanding, and use the honorific expressions toward listeners with the appropriate predicate variation. In chapter 4, we investigated a few characteristics about Korean postpositions, '-eul/ -reul' and a Japanese postposition, 「を」in ending expressions and classified and analyzed the common expressions of two languages, dividing them into interrogative, inversion, and hesitation expressions through scenarios. Irrespective of the rank of expressions in both languages, these usages show many differences. In the case of ending sentences with interrogative forms such as 'mueol? (what?)' and 'eodil? (where?)', the ellipsis of predicates frequently takes place in Korean while Japanese shows a similar distribution among all 3 expressions and it shows the fact that they were established in Japanese. We've looked into ellipsis and meaning transparency, focusing on Korean postpositions, '-eul/ -reul' and a Japanese postposition, 「を」. Previously, many contrastive studies have been conducted in terms of the grammatical aspects between Korean and Japanese and sociolinguistic studies about the language customs and cultures will be done in the future as well. As the ellipsis of ending expressions is closely related to the language customs and culture of both languages, it will play, a crucial role for Japanese learners as well as Korean learners.