고전적 은유론과 해석학적 은유론 비교 고찰－ 아리스토텔레스와 리쾨르를 중심으로 －

Abstract

This writing wishes to investigate classical metaphor theory and hermeneutics metaphor theory to attain footing on which modern literature study and criticism can be progressed more deeply. We need work that fill the gap between two split, that is, ‘figures rhetoric’ and ‘argument rhetoric’ since middle of 20th century, and it is necessary to use the view of this ‘synthetic rhetoric’ in literature study and criticism. This writing puts in order with this critical mind centering of Aristotle's metaphor theory and Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics metaphor theory. And then this writing searches for potential of rhetorical literature criticism investigating metaphor theories in modern rhetoric. Aristotle defined metaphor in dimension of ‘name’ or ‘word’ in Poetics, and regarded that metaphorical meaning of the word is attained through ‘similarity’ and ‘alternation’. He described adequate or inadequate of metaphor, shortage of style in metaphor etc. in Rhetoric, and described essential point to principle of legibility to have in the use regarding the definition in Poetics as self-evident thing. Traditional writing of books since Aristotle reinforced mainly his opinion, and emphasize principle of ‘gracefulness’ which insist necessary nature and agreement between metaphor factors mainly. Ricoeur divide various access methods about metaphor into rhetoric viewpointㆍsemantic viewpointㆍhermeneutics viewpoint greatly and make clear the path in area of wordㆍmeaning of sentenceㆍinterpretation of text as place that metaphor happens. In dimension of word, Ricoeur regards that modern semantics that handle metaphor institutes doubt in premises of classical rhetoric, and refers to theories of I.A. RichardㆍMax BlackㆍMonroe BeardsleyㆍColin Murray TurbayneㆍPhilip Ellis Wheelwright etc. In dimension of the sentence meaning, Ricoeur regards place of metaphor as not only word and not only sentence, but that is between words and sentences. He lays stress on tension which comes from extension and connotation, literally meaning and changed meaning, reader's expected expression and anther expression refering to Beardsley's ‘interaction theory’. In dimension of text interpretation, Ricoeur claims that discovery ability of metaphor has dimension of reference as meaning creation, and that expose actual re-description through metaphor, that is, truth. And he judges that Berggern's ‘tension theory’ can explain truth concept of metaphor more advisably than these, refering to Wheelwright's ‘poetic ontology’ and Turbayne's ‘conceptional ontology’. If see in view of rhetoric, Ricoeur shows one direction of synthetic rhetoric on the point that sutures and circulates concept and theory that is split through hermeneutic roaming that analyzes and interprets characteristics of several studies, and on the point that achieve re-categorizing work of actuality along with dynamic signifying work by stratigraphy of language that metaphor reveal is extended to stratigraphy of text via sentence in word.