보문소로 문법화된 that과 for의 통사자질
Syntactic Feature of That and For as Grammaticalized Complementizers
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The aim of this paper is to investigate syntactic features which are carried by the finite complementizer þæt>þat>that and the non-finite complementizer for from diachronic perspective. Given that þæt/þat wasn't followed by a focalized or topicalized element, but permitted wh-word＋þæt/þat sequence from an embedded clause, þæt/þat had the finiteness feature of φ-features and a tense feature that was agreed with the finite feature of a finite verb in OE and EME. On the other hand, considering that that has been followed by a focalized or topicalized element in the embedded clause and φ-features and a tense feature in C has been inherited to T from LME onward PDE, that came to carry a declarative force feature rather than a finiteness feature from that time on. Meanwhile, the prepositional complementizer for began to be added to the to＋N/V＋enne to strengthen the grammatical function of to from EME, and this phrase has developed into an infinitival verb phrase for＋to＋V＋(O). As inflections were lost, V-2 was reanalyzed, and OV was reordered as VO, the for＋to＋V＋(O) sequence was changed into an infinitival verb clause and ultimately transformed into for＋Osubj＋to＋V in LME. With such restructuring of an infinitival verb clause, a non-finite future feature which was inherently carried by for came to be inherited to the infinitive marker to that started denoting an unrealized future tense ever since.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate syntactic features which are carried by the finite complementizer þæt>þat>that and the non-finite complementizer for from diachronic perspective. Given that þæt/þat wasn't followed by a focalized or topicalized element, but permitted wh-word＋þæt/þat sequence from an embedded clause, þæt/þat had the finiteness feature of φ-features and a tense feature that was agreed with the finite feature of a finite verb in OE and EME. On the other hand, considering that that has been followed by a focalized or topicalized element in the embedded clause and φ-features and a tense feature in C has been inherited to T from LME onward PDE, that came to carry a declarative force feature rather than a finiteness feature from that time on. Meanwhile, the prepositional complementizer for began to be added to the to＋N/V＋enne to strengthen the grammatical function of to from EME, and this phrase has developed into an infinitival verb phrase for＋to＋V＋(O). As inflections were lost, V-2 was reanalyzed, and OV was reordered as VO, the for＋to＋V＋(O) sequence was changed into an infinitival verb clause and ultimately transformed into for＋Osubj＋to＋V in LME. With such restructuring of an infinitival verb clause, a non-finite future feature which was inherently carried by for came to be inherited to the infinitive marker to that started denoting an unrealized future tense ever since.
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