古典小說中的文言字詞教學
Teaching of classical Chinese words in classical novels
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教授古典小說中的文言字詞, 最常見的方法是提供注釋和語譯。注釋和語譯雖然有助學生了解字詞的含義, 但是亦容易讓學生過分依賴注釋和語譯, 甚至只看注釋、 語譯, 不求甚解, 無法真正學會文言字詞的含義, 更遑論引起閱讀的興趣, 增進學習其他小說和文學作品的機會。本文並非以為注釋和語譯毫不重要, 但在使用之時不妨配合原著和其他材料, 讓學生比較、 分析,既可更深入理解小說的內容, 更能讓學生多動腦筋, 提升學習的興趣。比較「文言字詞」的方法包括:1. 不同出版社選錄版本中該字詞或注釋的異同;2. 原著與出版社選錄版本中該字詞的異同;3. 相同作者不同作品中使用該字詞的異同;4. 相同主題}的不同作品中使用該字詞的異同;5. 輔以相同部首或意義相近的字詞讓學生比較、 推論該字詞的含義;6. 刪去該字詞, 與原文作一對比, 讓學生感受、 思考、 推敲該字詞的含義、作用。
Abstract
Annotation and translation are the most common practice for teaching classical Chinese words in classical Chinese novels. They are pragmatic and easy-to-use but may make the readers rely on them completely, without knowing the true meaning of the relevant words and grasping the artistic values of the novels; in this way, the goal of inciting their motivation and interests of learning the words in classical Chinese novels is not achieved. However, annotation and translation are not unimportant; if supple- mentary references are provided, the students can compare and analyze the words thoroughly so that their thinking, aesthetics and discernment will advance. The method of “compare and contrast” being introduced here are:1. Compare the difference between the same word(s) in different textbooks;2. Compare the difference between the same word(s) in the original novel and the version used in the textbook;3. Compare the difference between the same word(s) in different novels with the same author;4. Compare the difference between the same word(s) in different novels with the same subject;5. Provide the readers with similar words with the same radical(s) so as to compare and infer the true meaning of the word(s);6. Delete the word(s), compare with and without it in the original text, and let the readers deduce the meaning and appreciate the artistic beauty of novels as literature.
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