Looking Critically at the ESL Classroom: Challenges and Possibilities of Critical Pedagogy
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Abstract
In this paper, the author speculates about the challenges and possibilities associated with implementing critical pedagogy in the elementary ESL classroom. So far, critical pedagogy has not gained much popularity in the field of second or foreign language acquisition but posed challenges for both ESL/EFL educators and students. The author begins by discussing three major challenges raised by previous research on critical pedagogy and English language teaching: Limited English proficiency in students, cultural differences, and the divergence of theory and practice. These challenges are critically analyzed vis-à-vis data gathered from interviews with an experienced ESL teacher and with students, as well as from the researcher’s observations of an elementary ESL classroom in the Northeastern United States for one year. The results of the study reveal that some challenges and difficulties associated with linguistic and cultural differences do exist, but also that there exist great possibilities for Freirean concepts of “student-centered, dialogic, and participatory” education to be successfully put into practice in the elementary ESL classroom. To conclude, the author outlines some of the pedagogical implications of these findings in terms of critical pedagogy and English teaching curriculum.
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