Universal Grammar: A Historical Perspective
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Abstract
The present study investigates the notion of Universal Grammarproposed by Chomsky from a historical point of view. Universal Grammar is the system of principles, conditions, and rules that are elements or properties of all human languages. We see how this concept of Universal Gramar has been developed throughout history, i.e., from the Middle Ages to recent generative gramar. First of all, we take a look at Chomsky's Cartesianism. We then show that although the contents of Universal Gramar and its origin are construed differently, speculative grammarians developed a concept of Universal Gramar and its existence of universal properties of language is a key concept in both medieval and modern linguistic theory. Finally it is shown that there are several similarities between the Port-Royal gramar and modern generative gramar about language: acknowledgement of the creative aspect of language use, distinction between deep and surface structure, commitment to explanation over description, and rationalist concepts of language acquisition and use.
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