증거성과 인칭의 상호작용
Interactions of Evidentiality and Person
0
조회
0
다운로드
15
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper analyzes interactions of person and evidentiality. While direct evidentials are usually used to describe events of the speaker, rarely are indirect ones. Indirect evidentials can be used with first person participants when the speaker lacks awareness, intention or control of the situation, the so-called 'first person effect'. There are, however, direct evidentials which behave like indirect evidentials in terms of its relation with person. Korean and Amdo-Tibetan direct evidential are not allowed to describe the speaker’s events. Further, they display ‘first person effect’-like phenomenon. They are allowed with first person participants to describe unconcious, unintentional, or uncontrolled situations. Observing such differences among direct evidentials across languages, this paper proposes to divide them into three subtypes depending on their referential scope: comprehensive, periphery-oriented, center-oriented. The comprehensive direct evidential, typologically the most common type among the three, includes not only the deictic center (origo, the speaker) but also the outside, hence there is no subject restriction on it. The periphery-oriented direct evidential, found in Korean and Amdo-Tibetan, does not include the deictic center within its scope and is not used to describe first person events. The center-oriented direct evidentials, found in Kashaya and Central Pomo, only have the deictic center within its scope. This paper also argues that ‘first person effect’ is a kind of deictic projection. Indirect evidentials are allowed to describe first person events in a situation that the speaker is moved from the position of ‘deictic center’ to the outside, when the speaker lacks awareness, intention or control of the situation. Periphery-oriented direct evidentials, which have the same referential scope of indirect evidentials, also show first person effect in the same situations.
Abstract
This paper analyzes interactions of person and evidentiality. While direct evidentials are usually used to describe events of the speaker, rarely are indirect ones. Indirect evidentials can be used with first person participants when the speaker lacks awareness, intention or control of the situation, the so-called 'first person effect'. There are, however, direct evidentials which behave like indirect evidentials in terms of its relation with person. Korean and Amdo-Tibetan direct evidential are not allowed to describe the speaker’s events. Further, they display ‘first person effect’-like phenomenon. They are allowed with first person participants to describe unconcious, unintentional, or uncontrolled situations. Observing such differences among direct evidentials across languages, this paper proposes to divide them into three subtypes depending on their referential scope: comprehensive, periphery-oriented, center-oriented. The comprehensive direct evidential, typologically the most common type among the three, includes not only the deictic center (origo, the speaker) but also the outside, hence there is no subject restriction on it. The periphery-oriented direct evidential, found in Korean and Amdo-Tibetan, does not include the deictic center within its scope and is not used to describe first person events. The center-oriented direct evidentials, found in Kashaya and Central Pomo, only have the deictic center within its scope. This paper also argues that ‘first person effect’ is a kind of deictic projection. Indirect evidentials are allowed to describe first person events in a situation that the speaker is moved from the position of ‘deictic center’ to the outside, when the speaker lacks awareness, intention or control of the situation. Periphery-oriented direct evidentials, which have the same referential scope of indirect evidentials, also show first person effect in the same situations.
참고문헌 (32)
- 송재목, "안맺음씨끝 ‘-더-’의 의미기능에 대하여: 유형론적 관점에서", 국어학, 32, pp.135~169 (1998), 국어학회
- 송재목, "증거성(evidentiality)과 주어제약의 유형론-한국어, 몽골어, 티벳어를 예로 들어-", 형태론, 9(1), pp.1~23 (2007), 형태론
- 송재목, "한국어 증거성표지의 중복실현", 비교문화연구, 22, pp.355~375 (2011), 비교문화연구소
- 송재목, "한국어 ‘증거성’ 종결어미 ‘-네’: 정경숙(2007, 2012)에 대한 대답", 언어, 39(4), pp.819~850 (2014), 한국언어학회
- 송재목, "한국어 종결어미 ‘-네’의 의미기능", 國語學, (76), pp.123~159 (2015), 국어학회[DOI]
- Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., "Evidentiality" (2004), Oxford University Press
- Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., "Studies in Evidentiality" (2003), John Benjamins
- Anderson, Stephen R., "Language typology and syntactic description Vol III: Grammatical categories and the lexicon", pp.259~308 (1985), Cambridge University Press
- Chafe, Wallace, "Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology" (1986), Ablex Publishing Corporation
- De Haan, Ferdinand, "Linguistic diversity and language theories" (2005), Benjamins
- Diessel, Holger, "Semantics Vol 3", pp.2407~2432 (2012), De Gruyter Mouton
- Dixon, R.M.W., "Studies in Evidentiality", pp.165~187 (2003), John Benjamins
- Fillmore, Charles J., "Lectures on Deixis" (1997), CSLI Publications
- Hanks, William F., "The Evidential Core of Deixis in Yucatec Maya", Papers from the twentieth Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, 20, pp.154~172 (1984)
- Koshal, S., "Ladakhi Grammar" (1979), Motilal Banarsidass
- LaPolla, Randy J., "Studies in Evidentiality", pp.63~78 (2003), John Benjamins
- Levinson, Stephen C., "Pragmatics" (1983), Cambridge University Press
- Lyons, John, "Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics" (1968), Cambridge University Press
- Lyons, John, "Semantics 2" (1977), Cambridge University Press
- Maslova Elena, "Studies in Evidentiality", pp.219~236 (2003), John Benjamins
- Mithun, Marianne, "The Languages of Native North America" (1999), Cambridge University Press
- Mushin, Ilana, "Evidentiality and Epistemological Stance: Narrative retelling" (2001), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Oswalt, Robert L., "Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology", pp.29~45 (1986), Ablex Publishing Corporation
- Plungian, Vladimir A., "The place of evidentiality within the universal grammatical space", Journal of Pragmatics, 33, pp.349~357 (2001)
- Lila San Roque, "Evidentiality and interrogativity", Lingua (2015), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Schlichter, Alice, "Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology", pp.46~59 (1986), Ablex Publishing Corporation
- Song, Jaemog, "Tense, Aspect and Modality in Khalkha Mongolian", Ph.D., pp.1997
- 송재목, "A Typological Analysis of the Korean Evidential Marker -te-", 언어학, (32), pp.149~166 (2002), 사단법인 한국언어학회
- Song, Jaemog, "Evidentiality in Korean", presented at the Pre-JK Workshop (2011), Seoul National University
- 송재목, "EVIDENTIALITY, PAST, AND PERSON IN MONGOLIAN AND KOREAN", Acta Koreana, 16(1), pp.67~85 (2013), 한국학연구원
- Sun, Jackson T-S, "Evidentials in Amdo Tibetan", The Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philolosy, 63(4), pp.945~1001 (1993), Taipei: Academia Sinica
- Willett, Thomas, "A Cross-Linguistic Survey of the Grammaticalization of Evidentiality", Studies in Language, 12(1), pp.51~97 (1988)