한국어의 어휘적 증거성
Lexical Evidentiality in Korean
0
조회
0
다운로드
8
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Evidentiality can be expressed by either grammatical forms or lexical units. This paper analyzes lexical evidentiality in Korean. Korean shows three different groups of lexical units expressing evidentiality. Firstly, evidential meanings can be expressed by verbs such as ‘po- (to see), tut- (to hear), chwuchukha- (to assume), nukki- (to feel)'. They explicitly indicate the way the subject has gained evidence about the described situation or event. Secondly, evidential meanings can be expressed by adverbials such as ‘nolahgey (yellow), ccayngkulanghako (with a sound of tinkling), ssanulhakey- (with a chill)'. They describe concrete and personal experience and allude which sense the experiencer/observer has used to gain relevant information. Direct evidentiality is part of their intrinsic meaning, hence they are not adequate with 2nd or 3rd person subject. Mimetic adverbs describing inner sensations of an experiencer also have an intrinsic endophoric evidential meaning, which forces them to appear only with 1st person subject not with 2nd or 3rd person subject. Thirdly, the most systematic way to lexically differentiate evidential meanings in Korean is the distinction of psychological adjectives and psychological verbs. Psychological adjectives such as ‘chwup- (to be cold), paykopu- (to be hungry) oylop- (to be lonely), sulpu- (to be sad), (-ko) siph- (to want)' describe mental, emotional or physiological state of an experiencer, which cannot be directly perceived by someone else. They intrinsically have the meaning of endophoric evidentiality, because of which they are not appropriate with 2nd or 3rd person subject. When Korean adds ‘-e ha-' after psychological adjectives, it creates psychological verbs which express that people have drawn conclusion on someone else's inner state on the basis of indirect signs such as observable external physical states. Because of the indirect evidentiality encompassed in the psychological verbs, they do not usually occur with 1st person subject.
Abstract
Evidentiality can be expressed by either grammatical forms or lexical units. This paper analyzes lexical evidentiality in Korean. Korean shows three different groups of lexical units expressing evidentiality. Firstly, evidential meanings can be expressed by verbs such as ‘po- (to see), tut- (to hear), chwuchukha- (to assume), nukki- (to feel)'. They explicitly indicate the way the subject has gained evidence about the described situation or event. Secondly, evidential meanings can be expressed by adverbials such as ‘nolahgey (yellow), ccayngkulanghako (with a sound of tinkling), ssanulhakey- (with a chill)'. They describe concrete and personal experience and allude which sense the experiencer/observer has used to gain relevant information. Direct evidentiality is part of their intrinsic meaning, hence they are not adequate with 2nd or 3rd person subject. Mimetic adverbs describing inner sensations of an experiencer also have an intrinsic endophoric evidential meaning, which forces them to appear only with 1st person subject not with 2nd or 3rd person subject. Thirdly, the most systematic way to lexically differentiate evidential meanings in Korean is the distinction of psychological adjectives and psychological verbs. Psychological adjectives such as ‘chwup- (to be cold), paykopu- (to be hungry) oylop- (to be lonely), sulpu- (to be sad), (-ko) siph- (to want)' describe mental, emotional or physiological state of an experiencer, which cannot be directly perceived by someone else. They intrinsically have the meaning of endophoric evidentiality, because of which they are not appropriate with 2nd or 3rd person subject. When Korean adds ‘-e ha-' after psychological adjectives, it creates psychological verbs which express that people have drawn conclusion on someone else's inner state on the basis of indirect signs such as observable external physical states. Because of the indirect evidentiality encompassed in the psychological verbs, they do not usually occur with 1st person subject.
참고문헌 (33)
- 김건희, "심리 형용사 연구― 논항 교체 유형들의 어휘 의미 구조를 중심으로 ―", 언어학, (37), pp.47~70 (2003), 사단법인 한국언어학회
- 김세중, "국어 심리술어의 어휘의미구조", 박사, 언어학, pp.1994
- 김흥수, "현대국어 심리동사 구문 연구" (1989), 탑출판사
- 목정수, "한국어, 그 인칭의 비밀" (2014), 태학사
- 서정수, ""(수정 증보판)국어문법"" (1996), 한양대학교 출판원
- 송재목, "안맺음씨끝 ‘-더-’의 의미기능에 대하여: 유형론적 관점에서", 국어학, 32, pp.135~169 (1998), 국어학회
- 송재목, "증거성(evidentiality)과 주어제약의 유형론-한국어, 몽골어, 티벳어를 예로 들어-", 형태론, 9(1), pp.1~23 (2007), 형태론
- 송재목, "한국어 증거성표지의 중복실현", 비교문화연구, 22, pp.355~375 (2011), 비교문화연구소[DOI]
- 송재목, "증거성과 인칭의 상호작용", 언어학, (73), pp.111~132 (2015), 사단법인 한국언어학회[DOI]
- 송재목, "한국어 종결어미 ‘-네’의 의미기능", 國語學, (76), pp.123~159 (2015), 국어학회[DOI]
- 유현경, "국어 형용사 연구" (1998), 한국문화사
- 이익환, "심리동사의 의미론- 영어, 한국어와 독일어의 대조연구" (2005), 역락
- 이정민, "심리술어와 1인칭: 증거성의 문제", 언어, 41(4), pp.679~713 (2016), 한국언어학회[DOI]
- Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y, "Evidentiality" (2004), Oxford University Press
- Aoki, Haruo, "Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology", pp.223~238 (1986)
- Bybee, Joan, "Morphology: A study of the relation between meaning and form" (1985), John Benjamins
- Chafe, Wallace, "Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology" (1986), Ablex
- Comrie, Bernard, "Aspect" (1976), Cambridge University Press
- Dahl, Osten, "Tense and aspect systems" (1985), Basil Blackwell
- DeLancey, "Evidentiality: The linguistic coding of epistemology", pp.203~213 (1986)
- Garrett, Edward John, "Evidentiality and Assertion in Tibetan", doctoral, pp.2001
- Kim, Young-Joo, "The Syntax and Semantics of Korean Case: The Interaction between Lexical and Sytactic Levels of Representation", Ph.D, pp.1990
- "A Grammar of Oksapmin, University of Melbourne doctoral dissertation" (2009)[URL]
- Mourelatos, Alexander P.D, "Events, processes, and states", Linguistics and Philosophy, 2, pp.415~434 (1978)
- Oswalt, Robert L., "Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology", pp.29~45 (1986)
- Plungian, Vladimir A, "The Place of evidentiality within the universal grammatical space", Journal of Pragmatics, 33, pp.349~357 (2001)
- Plungian, Vladimir A, "Linguistic Realization of Evidentiality in European Languages", pp.15~58 (2010), Walter de Gruyter
- Roque, Lila San, "The New Guinea Highlands evidentiality area", Linguistic Typology, 16, pp.111~167 (2012)
- Smith, Carlota S, "The Parameter of Aspect" (1997), Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Sun, Jackson, "The Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology LXIII Part IV", pp.945~1001 (1993), Academia Sinica
- Tournadre, Nicolas, "L'énonciation médiatisée", pp.195~213 (1996), Peeters
- Vendler, Zeno, "Linguistics in Philosophy", pp.97~121 (1967), Cornell University Press
- Willet, Thomas, "A Cross-Linguistic Survey of the Grammaticization of Evidentiality", Studies in Language, 12, pp.51~97 (1988)