러시아어의 태를 통해 본 문법의미 기술의 제문제

Abstract

In this work, we examine some crucial problems which concern the structural description of the grammatical category of voice in the Russian verb. If its complicated character has been the object of controversy among the Russian linguists, we think it is principally due to the confusion of grammatical facts, as defined by the structure of verb system, and their various realizations in the sentence. Thus, we tried to give a new solution to the problems by the redefinition of the grammatical meaning of voice : its function consists in determining, in the sentence structuration, the syntactico-semantic orientation of the verbal predicate to its subject. With this definition, we established in the Russian verb a double-structured voice system : active vs. reflexive, and active vs. passive. As for the problems concerning the impersonalization and the functional relationship between reflexive and passive, we treated them as the phenomena manifested in the realization of this double-structured system on the level of sentence formation or on a higher level than that. Especially, our analysis shows that the functional relations of reflexive and passive are determined by the fact that they are not grammatically opposed one to another in the system but differntiated by their opposition to the active respectively. To explain it, we introduced the two contrastive ways of their realization : recessivization of passive and passivization of reflexive. Finally, discussing the theoretical concept of voice as a grammatical rule, we presented in the annex to this paper one way to formalize the contents of our analysis.