'-기'형 연결어미 '-기에, -길내, -기로'의 특성과 문법화 과정- 20세기 초기 국어를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is two-fold: [1] to clarify the properties and meanings of the conjunction endings, `-kie, -killae and -kiro` in the early 20th century`s Korean. [2] to describe the process of grammaticalization of `-ki` type conjunction endings which have been grammaticalized from the nominal ending `-ki`, which is attached to the particles `-e and -ro`. [1] Properties and Meanings: There are three major of the property. First, the morphological properties of `-kie, -killae and -kiro` are much alike one another. Second, the conjunction ending `-killae` has syntactic restrictions different from `-kie` as follows: (1) the restriction of subject, (2) the restriction of aspect, (3) the restriction of mood, (4) the restriction of verb. Third, the meaning of the forms basically is REASON. The meaning of `-killae` in particular is the reason of the speaker`s activity which relates not to speaker`s will (internal) but to the external situation. [2] Grammaticalization Paths: Conjunction endings `-kie and -kiro` show up in the literature of the 18th century, and conjunction ending `-killae` shows up in the early 20th century. There was the shift of nominal ending from `-um` to `-ki` in Modern Korean, and the use of nominal ending `-ki` get widely. Under the influence of this conjunction ending of `Reason` has shifted from `-um` type endings(`-ume, -umuro`) to `-ki` type endings(`-kie, -killae and -kiro`). This change also attests the specialization of `-ki` type conjunction endings in the Reason grammatical function. The grammaticalization paths of the forms are as follows. First, the meaning of `-kie and -kiro`, which are combination of the nominal ending `-ki` and the particles `-e and -ro` respectively, shifted from SPACE, TIME to REASON by metaphor. The integrated units of `-kie and -kiro` function as the conjunction endings by analogy and reanalysis. Lastly, the new conjunction ending `-killae` diverged from `-kie` by morphological fusion. The frequency of `-kie, -killae and -kiro` is markedly increasing toward the Modern Korean.