본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

추상어휘 연구의 비판적 검토와 한국어 추상어휘 연구의 필요성

A Critical Review of Previous Research on Abstract Words for Studying Korean Abstract Words

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류언어학

초록

Recently, the NLP capacity of AI becomes more important for successful communication between human and AI. Especially it is one of the very difficult problems to teach the meaning of abstract words like ‘truth’ to AI. The aim of this article is to review critically the previous research on abstract words to help study Korean abstract words. This paper argues that concreteness effect argument, Embodied Cognition Theory, and AI motivated the research on abstract words. In section 3, we introduce three point-of-views about how to represent the abstract word meaning. We suggest the feature-based multiple representation with hierarchical structure. In section 4, we briefly introduce the research on abstract words in AI. In conclusion, we suggest that we need to study Korean abstract words and provide a desirable research direction.

Abstract

Recently, the NLP capacity of AI becomes more important for successful communication between human and AI. Especially it is one of the very difficult problems to teach the meaning of abstract words like ‘truth’ to AI. The aim of this article is to review critically the previous research on abstract words to help study Korean abstract words. This paper argues that concreteness effect argument, Embodied Cognition Theory, and AI motivated the research on abstract words. In section 3, we introduce three point-of-views about how to represent the abstract word meaning. We suggest the feature-based multiple representation with hierarchical structure. In section 4, we briefly introduce the research on abstract words in AI. In conclusion, we suggest that we need to study Korean abstract words and provide a desirable research direction.

참고문헌 (184)

  1. Allman, M, "Pathophysiological Distortions in Time Perception and Timed Performance", Brain, 135, pp.656~677 (2012)
  2. Allport, D, "Current Perspectives in Dysphasia", pp.207~244 (1985)
  3. Altarriba, J, "The Distinctiveness of Emotion Concepts: A Comparison between Emotion, Abstract, and Concrete Words", American Journal of Psychology, 117(3), pp.389~410 (2004)
  4. Alyahya, R, "The behavioral patterns and neural correlates of concrete and abstract verb processing in aphasia: A novel verb semantic battery", NeuroImage: Clinical, 17, pp.811~825 (2018)
  5. Amodio, D, "Meeting of Minds: The Medial Frontal Cortex and Social Cognition", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, pp.268~277 (2006)
  6. Andrews, M, "Integrating Experiential and Distributional Data to Learn Semantic Representations", Psychological Review, 116, pp.463~498 (2009)
  7. Arbib, M. A, "Neural Organization: Structure, Function, and Dynamics" (1998), MIT Press
  8. Aristotle, "The Complete Work of Aristotle", pp.3~24 (1995), Princeton University Press
  9. Barsalou, L, "Perceptual Symbol Systems", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, pp.577~660 (1999)
  10. Barsalou, L, "Abstraction in Perceptual Symbol Systems", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 358(1435), pp.1177~1187 (2003)
  11. Barsalou, L, "Grounded Cognition", The Annual Review of Psychology, 59, pp.617~645 (2008)
  12. Barsalou, L, "The Human Conceptual System", The Cambridge Handbook of Psycholinguistics, 2012, pp.239~258 (2012)
  13. Barsalou, L, "Symbols, Embodiment, and Meaning", pp.245~283 (2008), Oxford University Press
  14. Binder, J, "Toward a Brain-based Componential Semantic Representation", Cognitive Neuropsychology, 33(3-4), pp.130~174 (2016)
  15. Binder, J, "The Neurobiology of Semantic Memory", Trends in Cognitive Science, 15, pp.527~536 (2011)
  16. Binder, J, "Distinct Brain Systems for Processing Concrete and Abstract Concepts", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, pp.905~917 (2005)
  17. Bonner, M. F, "Reversal of the Concreteness Effect in Semantic Dementia", Cognitive Neuropsychology, 26(6), pp.568~579 (2009)
  18. Borghi, A, "Grounding Cognition: The Role of Perception and Action in Memory, Language, and Thinking", pp.8~34 (2005), Cambridge University Press
  19. Borghi, A, "Words as Social Tools: An Embodied View on Abstract Concepts" (2014), Springer
  20. Borghi, A., "The Challenge of Abstract Concepts", Psychological Bulletin, 143(3), pp.263~292 (2017)
  21. Borghi, A, "The Body and the Fading away of Abstract Concepts and Words: A Sign Language Analysis", Frontiers in Psychology, 5, pp.811~ (2014)[DOI]
  22. Borghi, A, "International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences Vol 7" (2015), Oxford University Press
  23. Borghi, A, "Words as Tools and the Problem of Abstract Word Meanings", Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp.31~ (2009)
  24. Borghi, A, "Manipulating Objects and Telling Words: A Study on Concrete and Abstract Words Acquisition", Frontiers in Psychology, 2, pp.15~ (2011)
  25. Bowdle, B, "The Career of Metaphor", Psychological Review, 112(1), pp.193~ (2005)
  26. Bretherton, I, "Talking about Internal States: The Acquisition of an Explicit Theory of Mind", Developmental Psychology, 18, pp.906~921 (1982)
  27. Bruni, E, "Distributional Semantics in Technicolor", Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Long Papers, 1, pp.136~145 (2012), Association for Computational Linguistics
  28. Bruni, E, "Multimodal Distributional Semantics", Journal of Artificial Integlligence Research, 49(2014), pp.1~47 (2014)
  29. Brysbaert, M, "Concreteness Ratings for 40thousand Generally Known English Word Lemmas", Behavior Research Methods, 46(3), pp.904~911 (2014)
  30. Buccino, G, "Listening to Action-related Sentences Modulates the Activity of the Motor System:A Combined TMS and Behavioral Study", Cognitive Brain Research, 24(3), pp.355~363 (2005)
  31. Buhrmester, M, "Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), pp.3~5 (2011)
  32. Cangelosi, A, "From Robotic Toil to Symbolic Theft: Grounding Transfer from Entry-level to Higher-level Categories", Connection Science, 12(2), pp.143~162 (2000)
  33. Cangelosi, A, "Integration of Action and Language Knowledge: A Roadmap for Developmental Robotics", Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, 2(3), pp.167~195 (2010)
  34. Cangelosi, A, "Foundations of Embodied Cognition", pp.275~293 (2016), Taylor and Francis Press
  35. Cangelosi, A, "An Embodied Model for Sensorimotor Grounding and Grounding Transfer: Experiments With Epigenetic Robots", Cognitive Science, 30(4), pp.673~689 (2006)
  36. Cangelosi, A, "From Babies to Robots: The Contribution of Developmental Robotics to Developmental Psychology", Child Development Perspectives (2018)[DOI]
  37. Cangelosi, A, "A Review of Abstract Concept Learning in Embodied Agents and Robots", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 373 (2018)[DOI]
  38. Cappelletti, M, "The Understanding of Quantifiers in Semantic Dementia: A Single-Case Study", Neurocase, 12, pp.136~145 (2006)
  39. Chao, L, "Cortical Regions Associated with Perceiving, Naming, and Knowing about Colors", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11, pp.25~35 (1999)
  40. Chao, L, "Representation of Manipulable Man-made Objects in the Dorsal Stream", Neuroimage, 12, pp.478~484 (2000)
  41. Chatterjee, A, "The Neural Organization of Spatial Thought and Language", Seminars in Speech and Language, 29, pp.226~238 (2008)
  42. Chiarelli, V, "The Syntactic and Semantic Processing of Mass and Count Nouns: An ERP Study", PLoSONE, 6, pp.e25885~ (2011)
  43. Coull, J, "Neuroanatomical and Neurochemical Substrates of Timing", Neuropsychopharmacology, 36, pp.3~25 (2011)
  44. Cree, G, "Analyzing the Factors Underlying the Structure and Computation of the Meaning of Chipmunk, Cherry, Chisel, Cheese, and Cello (and Many Other Such Concrete Nouns)", Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 132(2), pp.163~201 (2003)
  45. Crutch, S, "Contrasting Graded Effects of Semantic Similarity and Association across the Concreteness Spectrum", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(7), pp.1388~1408 (2011)
  46. Crutch, S, "Abstract Conceptual Feature Ratings: the Role of Emotion, Magnitude, and Other Cognitive Domains in the Organization of Abstract Conceptual Knowledge", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7 (2013)[DOI]
  47. Crutch, S, "Spatial Coding of Semantic Information:Knowledge of Country and City Names Depends on Their Geographical Proximity", Brain, 126, pp.1821~1829 (2003)
  48. Crutch, S, "Abstract and Concrete Concepts Have Structurally Different Representational Frameworks", Brain, 128, pp.615~627 (2005)
  49. Crutch, S, "Spatially Coded Semantic Information about Geographical Terms", Neuropsycholiga, 48, pp.2120~2129 (2010)
  50. Crutch, S, "The Role of Polarity in Antonym and Synonym Conceptual Knowledge: Evidence from Stroke Aphasia and Multidimensional Ratings of Abstract Words", Neuropsychologia, 50, pp.2636~2644 (2012)
  51. DeWolf, T, "The Neural Optimal Control Hierarchy for Motor Control", Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(6) (2011)[DOI]
  52. Dove, G, "Beyond Perceptual Symbols: A Call for Representational Pluralism", Cognition, 110, pp.412~431 (2009)
  53. Dove, G, "On the Need for Embodied and Disembodied Cognition", Embodied and Grounded Cognition (2011)[DOI]
  54. Drury, H, "Computerized Mappings of the Cerebral Cortex: A Multiresolution Flattening Method and a Surface-based Coordinate System", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, pp.1~28 (1996)
  55. Farah, M, "A Computational Model of Semantic Memory Impairment: Modality Specificity and Emergent Category Specificity", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 120, pp.339~357 (1991)
  56. Fernandino, L, "Concept Representation Reflects Multimodal Abstraction: A Framework for Embodied Semantics", Cerebral Cortex, 26, pp.2018~2034 (2016)
  57. Fischer, M, "Embodied Language: A Review of the Role of the Motor System in Language Comprehension", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, pp.825~850 (2008)
  58. Fodor, J, "Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong" (1998), Oxford University Press
  59. Frassinelli, D, "Contextual Characteristics of Concrete and Abstract Words", Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Semantics (2017)
  60. Gainotti, G, "Mental Representation of Normal Subjects about the Sources of Knowledge in Different Semantic Categories and Unique Entities", Neuropsychology, 23(6), pp.803~812 (2009)
  61. Gainotti, G, "The Evaluation of Sources of Knowledge Underlying Different Conceptual Categories", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7(40) (2013)[DOI]
  62. Gallese, V, "The Brain's Concepts: The Role of the Sensory-Motor System in Conceptual Knowledge", Cognitive Neuropsychology, 18, pp.125~174 (2005)
  63. Garrard, P, "Prototypicality, Distinctiveness, and Intercorrelation: Analyses of the Semantic Attributes of Living and Nonliving Concepts", Cognitive Neuropsychology, 18(2), pp.125~174 (2001)
  64. Gathercole, V, "“He Has Too Much Hard Questions”: The Acquisition of the Linguistic Mass-Count Distinction in Much and Many", Journal of Child Language, 12, pp.395~415 (1985)
  65. Glenberg, A, "Grounding Language in Action", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9(3), pp.558~565 (2002)
  66. Gordon, P, "Evaluating the Semantic Categories Hypothesis: The Case of the Count", Mass Distinction, 1985, pp.20, 209~242
  67. Grafton, S, "Evidence for a Distributed Hierarchy of Action Representation in the Brain", Human Movement Science, 26(4), pp.590~616 (2007)
  68. Harnad, S, "The Symbol Grounding Problem", Physica D, 42, pp.335~346 (1990)
  69. Hauk, O, "Somatotopic Representation of Action Words in Human Motor and Premotor Cortex", Neuron, 41, pp.301~307 (2004)
  70. Hill, F, "Learning Abstract Concept Embeddings from Multi-Modal Data, Since You Probably Can't See What I Mean", Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) 2014, pp.255~265 (2014)
  71. Hoffman, P, "Differing Contributions of Inferior Prefrontal and Anterior Temporal Cortex to Concrete and Abstract Conceptual Knowledge", Cortex, 63, pp.250~266 (2015)
  72. Hoffman, P, "Shapes, Scents and Sounds: Quantifying the Full Multi-sensory Basis of Conceptual Knowledge", Neuropsychologia, 51, pp.14~25 (2013)
  73. Hoffman, P, "Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Plays an Executive Regulation Role in Comprehension of Abstract Words:Convergent Neuropsychological and rTMS Evidence", Journal of Neuroscience, 46, pp.15450~15456 (2010)
  74. Im, Seohyun, "The Generator of the Event Structure Lexicon (GESL): Automatic Annotation of Event Structure for Textual Inference Tasks", PhD, pp.2013
  75. Jackendoff, R, "Semantic Structures" (1992), MIT Press
  76. Jang, Byung-Tak, "resentation Slides in the Global AI Summit 2018", Seoul National University (2018)
  77. Jones, G, "Deep Dyslexia, Imageability, and Ease of Predication", Brain and Language, 24(1), pp.1~19 (1985)
  78. Jones-Gotman, M, "Odor Recognition Memory in Humans: Role of Right Temporal & Orbitofrontal Regions", Brain Cognition, 22, pp.182~198 (1993)
  79. Serial Order: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach, "Jordan, I", University of California, ~, pp.Institute for Cognitive Science Report 8604 (1986)
  80. Kehat, G, "Integrating Vision and Language Datasets to Measure word Concreteness", Proceedings of the The 8th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp.103~108 (2017)
  81. Kiefer, M, "Conceptual Representations in Mind and Brain:Theoretical Developments", Current Evidence and Future Directions, Cortex, 48, pp.805~825 (2012)
  82. Kiela, D, "Learning Image Embeddings Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Multi-modal Semantics", Proceedings of the 2014Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp.36~45 (2014)
  83. Kipper, K, "VerbNet: A Broad-Coverage, Comprehensive Verb Lexicon", PhD, pp.2005
  84. Klatzky, R, "There's More to Touch than Meets the Eye: The Salience of Object Attributes for Haptics With and Without Vision", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, pp.356~369 (1987)
  85. Kousta, S, "The Representation of Abstract Words: Why Emotion Matters", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 140, pp.14~34 (2011)
  86. Kousta, S, "Emotion Words, Regardless of Polarity, Have a Processing Advantage over Neutral Words", Cognition, 112, pp.473~481 (2009)
  87. Kulkarni, R, "A Statistical Investigation into the Cross-Linguistic Distribution of Mass and Count Nouns: Morphosyntactic and Semantic Perspectives", Biolinguistics, 7, pp.132~168 (2013)
  88. Lakoff, G, "Conceptual Metaphor in Everyday Language", The Journal of Philosophy, 77(8), pp.453~486 (1980)
  89. Lakoff, G, "Metaphors We Live By" (2008), University of Chicago Press
  90. Landauer, T, "A Solution to Plato's Problem: The Latent Semantic Analysis Theory of Acquisition, Induction, and Representation of Knowledge", Psychological Review 1997, 104(2), pp.211~240 (1997)
  91. Lederman, S, "Hand Movements : A Window into Haptic Object Recognition", Cognitive Psychology, 19, pp.342~368 (1987)
  92. Louwerse, M, "The Linguistic and Embodied Nature of Conceptual Processing", Cognition, 114(1), pp.96~104 (2010)
  93. Lynott, D, "Modality Exclusivity Norms for 423 Object Properties", Behavior Research Methods, 41, pp.558~564 (2009)
  94. Lynott, D, "Modality Exclusivity Norms for 400 Nouns : The Relationship between Perceptual Experience and Surface Word From", Behavioral Research Methods, 45, pp.516~526 (2013)
  95. Mahon, B, "Arguments about the Nature of Concepts, Symbols, Embodiment, and Beyond", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 23, pp.941~958 (2016)
  96. Marocco, D, "Grounding Action Words in the Sensorimotor Interaction with the World", Experiments with a Simulated iCub Humanoid Robot, Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 4(7) (2010)
  97. Martin, N, "The Representation of Object Concepts in the Brain", Annual Review of Psychology, 58, pp.25~45 (2007)
  98. Matell, M, "Neuropsychological Mechanisms of Interval Timing Behavior", Bioessays, 22, pp.94~103 (2000)
  99. McRae, K, "Semantic Feature Production Norms for a Large Set of Living and Nonliving Things", Behavior Research Methods, 37, pp.547~559 (2005)
  100. McRae, K., "On the Nature and Scope of Feature Representations of Word Meaning", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 126(2), pp.99~130 (1997)
  101. Meck, W, "Neuropsychology of Timing and Time Perception", Brain Cognition, 58, pp.1~8 (2005)
  102. Meteyard, L, "Coming of Age, A Review of Embodiment and the Neuroscience of Semantics", Cortex, 48(7), pp.788~804 (2012)
  103. Mikolov, T, "Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and Their Compositionality", Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp.3111~3119 (2013)
  104. Mikolov, T, "Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space" (2013)
  105. Miller, G, "WordNet: A Lexical Database for English", Communications of the ACM, 38(11), pp.39~41 (1995)
  106. Mishkin, M, "Object Vision and Spatial Vision:Two Cortical Pathways", Trends in Neuroscience, 6, pp.414~417 (1983)
  107. Molholm, S, "Multisensory Visual-Auditory Object Recognition in Humans : A High-density Electrical Mapping Study", Cerebral Cortex, 14, pp.452~465 (2004)
  108. Moll, J, "Opinion : The Neural Basis of Human Moral Cognition", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6(10), pp.799~809 (2005)
  109. Mussa-Ivaldi, A, "Motor Learning through the Combination of Primitives", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B:Biological Sciences, 355(1404), pp.1755~1769 (2000)
  110. Newcombe, P, "Effects of Emotional and Sensorimotor Knowledge in Semantic Processing of Concrete and Abstract Nouns", Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, 6, pp.275~ (2012)
  111. Osswald, R, "FrameNet, Frame Structure, and the Syntax-Semantics Interface" (2012)
  112. Ostergaard, A, "Some Effects of Color on Naming and Recognition of Objects", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, Cognition, 11, pp.579~ (1985)
  113. Paivio, A, "Imagery and Verbal Processes", Rinchart, and Winston (1971)
  114. Paivio, A, "A Dual Coding Approach" (1986), Oxford University Press
  115. Paivio, A, "Dual Coding Theory: Retrospect and Current Status", Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1991, pp.45(3), 255~
  116. Paivio, A, "Dual Coding Theory, Word Abstractness, and Emotion: A Critical Review of Kousta et al", Journal of Experimental Psychology, General, 142, pp.282~287 (2011)
  117. Paivio, A, "Concreteness Imagery and Meaningfulness Values for 925 nouns", Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76, pp.1~25 (1968)
  118. Patterson, K, "Where do You Know What You Know? The Representation of Semantic Knowledge in the Human Brain", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(12), pp.976~987 (2007)
  119. Pecher, D, "The Psychology of Learning and Motivation 54", pp.217~248 (2011), Academic Press
  120. Pexman, P, "There Are Many Ways to Be Rich: Effects of Three Measures of Semantic Richness on Visual Word Recognition", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 15(1), pp.161~167 (2008)
  121. Pexman, P, "The Calgary Semantic Decision Project, Concrete", Abstract Decision Data for 10,000 English Words, 2017, pp.49(2), 407~417
  122. Pexman, P, "Introduction to the Research Topic Meaning in Mind: Semantic Richness Effects in Language Processing", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7(723), pp.1~3 (2013)
  123. Pinker, S, "The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Languages" (1994), Harper Collins Rickford
  124. Primativo, S, "Abstract Conceptual Feature Ratings Predict Gaze within Written Word Arrays: Evidence from a Visual Wor(l)d Paradigm", Cognitive Science, 41(3), pp.659~685 (2017)
  125. Pulvermüller, F, "Brain Reflections of Words and Their Meaning", Trends in Cognitive Science, 5(12), pp.517~524 (2001)
  126. Pulvermüller, F, "Walking or Talking?: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Correlates of Action Verb Processing", Brain and Language, 78(2), pp.143~168 (2001)
  127. Pustejovsky, J, "The Generative Lexicon" (1995), MIT Press
  128. Rasheed, N, "Acquisition of Abstract Words for Cognitive Robots", Jurnal Teknologi, 72, pp.221~228 (2015)
  129. Rasheed, N, "Extension of Grounding Mechanism for Abstract Words: Computational Methods Insights", Artificial Intelligence Reveiw, 2018, pp.1~28 (2018)
  130. Recchia, G, "The Semantic Richness of Abstract Concepts", Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, 6, pp.315~ (2012)
  131. Reilly, J, "A Unitary Semantics Account of Reverse Concreteness Effects in Semantic Dementia", Brain and Language, 103(1), pp.86~87 (2007)
  132. Rock, I, "Vision and Touch : An Experimentally Created Conflict between the Two Senses", Science, 143, pp.594~596 (1964)
  133. Roller, S, "A Multimodal LDA Model Integrating Textual, Cognitive and Visual Modalities", Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp.1146~1157 (2013)
  134. Rolls, E, "The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward", Cerebral Cortex, 10, pp.284~294 (2000)
  135. Rosche, E, "Basic Object in Natural Categories", Cognitive Psychology, 8, pp.382~439 (1976)
  136. Royet, J. P, "Emotional Responses to Pleasant and Unpleasant Olfactory, Visual, and Auditory Stimuli: A Positron Emission Tomography Study", Journal of Neuroscience, 20, pp.7752~7759 (2000)
  137. Sabsevitz, D, "Modulation of the Semantic System by Word Imageability", Neuroimage, 27(1), pp.188~200 (2005)
  138. Schwanenflugel, P, "The Psychology of Word Meanings", pp.223~250 (1991), Erlbaum
  139. Schwanenflugel, P, "Context Availability and Lexical Decisions for Abstract and Concrete Words", Journal of Memory and Language, 27, pp.499~520 (1988)
  140. Schwanenflugel, P, "Context Availability and the Recall of Abstract and Concrete Words", Memory and Cognition, 20(1), pp.96~104 (1992)
  141. Schwanenflugel, P, "Different Context Effects in the Comprehension of Abstract and Concrete Verbal Materials", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, pp.82~102 (1983)
  142. Scorolli, C, "Sentence Comprehension and Action: Effector Specific Modulation of the Motor System", Brain Research, 1130, pp.119~124 (2007)
  143. Scorolli, C, "Abstract and Concrete Phrases Processing Differentially Modulates Cortico-Spinal Excitability", Brain Research, 1488, pp.60~71 (2011)
  144. Shutova, E, "Black Holes and White Rabbits: Metaphor Identification with Visual Features", Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp.160~170 (2016)
  145. Silberer, C, "Learning Grounded Meaning Representations with Autoencoders", Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp.721~732 (2014)
  146. Small, D, "Flavor Processing: More than the Sum of its Parts", Neuroreport, 8, pp.3913~3917 (1997)
  147. Small, D, "Human Cortical Gustatory Areas: A Review of Functional Neuroimaging Data", Neuroreport, 10, pp.7~13 (1999)
  148. Steels, L, "Evolving Grounded Communication for Robots", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(7), pp.308~312 (2003)
  149. Stein, B, "Enhancement of Perceived Visual Intensity by Auditory Stimuli : A Psychophysical Analysis", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, pp.497~506 (1996)
  150. Stramandinoli, F, "Towards the Grounding of Abstract Categories in Cognitive Robots", PhD, pp.2014
  151. Stramandinoli, F, "Towards the Grounding of Abstract Words, A Neural Network Model for Cognitive Robots", Proceedings of The 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp.467~474 (2011)
  152. Stramandinoli, F, "The Grounding of Higher Order Concepts in Action and Language: A Cognitive Robotics Model", Neural Networks, 32, pp.165~173 (2012)
  153. Stramandinoli, F, "Grounding Abstract Action Words through the Hierarchical Organization of Motor Primitives, Development and Learning and Epigentic Robotics (ICDL)", 2013 IEEE Third Joint International Conference on IEEE 2013, pp.1~2 (2013)
  154. Stramandinoli, F, "Making Sense of Words, A Robotic Model for Language Abstraction", Autonomous Robots, 41, pp.367~383 (2017)
  155. Stuss, D, "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Anterior Attentional Functions", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 769, pp.191~211 (1995)
  156. Sugita, Y, "Learning Semantic Combinatoriality from the Interaction between Linguistic and Behavioral Processes", Adaptive Behavior, 13(1), pp.33~52 (2005)
  157. Taikh, A, "Semantic Classification of Pictures and Words", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, pp.1502~1518 (2015)
  158. Tanaka, J, "Color Diagnosticity in Object Recognition", Perception and Psychophysics, 61, pp.1140~1153 (1999)
  159. Tettamanti, M, "Listening to Action-related Sentences Activates Fronto-parietal Motor Circuits", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(2), pp.273~281 (2005)
  160. Traugott, E, "On Regularity in Semantic Change", Journal of Literary Semantics, 14(3), pp.155~173 (1985)
  161. Troche, J, "Clustering, Hierarchical Organization, and the Topography of Abstract and Concrete Nouns", Frontiers in psychology, 4(2014), pp.360~ (2014)
  162. "Defining a Conceptual Topography of Word Concreteness: Clustering Properties of Emotion, Sensation, and Magnitude among 750 English Words, Frontiers in Psychology 8(1787)" (2017)[URL]
  163. Turney, P, "Literal and Metaphorical Sense Identification through Concrete and Abstract Context", Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp.680~690 (2011)
  164. Tyler, L, "The Interaction of Meaning and Sound in Spoken Word Recognition", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 7, pp.320~326 (2000)
  165. Van Essen, D, "Information Processing in the Primate Visual System: An Integrated Systems Perspective", Science, 255, pp.419~423 (1992)
  166. Vigliocco, G, "The Neural Representation of Abstract Words: The Role of Emotion", Cerebal Cortex, 24(7), pp.1767~1777 (2013)
  167. Vigliocco, G, "Toward a Theory of Semantic Representation", Language and Cognition, 1, pp.219~247 (2009)
  168. Vinson, D, "The Breakdown of Semantic Knowledge: Insights from a Statistical Model of Meaning Representation", Brain and Language, 86(3), pp.347~365 (2003)
  169. Wang, X, "Organizational Principles of Abstract Words in the Human Brain", Cerebral Cortex, 2017, pp.1~14 (2017)
  170. Warrington, E, "Categories of Knowledge: Further Fractionations and an Attempted Integration", Brain, 110, pp.1273~1296 (1987)
  171. Warrington, E, "Category Specific Semantic Impairments", Brain, 107(3), pp.829~853 (1984)
  172. Wiemer-Hastings, K, "Content Differences for Abstract and Concrete Concepts", Cognitive Science, 29, pp.719~736 (2005)
  173. Wilson, M, "Six Views of Embodied Cognition", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, pp.625~636 (2002)
  174. Wilson-Mendenhall, C, "Contextual Processing of Abstract Concepts Reveals Neural Representations of Non-linguistic Semantic Content", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, pp.920~935 (2013)
  175. Wiriyathammabhum, P, "Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing: Recent Approaches in Multimedia and Robotics", ACM Computing Surveys, 49(4) (2016)
  176. Wurm, L, "Color Improves Object Recognition in Normal and Low Vision", Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human, Perception, Performance, 19, pp.899~ (1993)
  177. Xu, Y, "Evolution of Word Meanings through Metaphorical Mapping, Systematicity over the Past Millennium", Cognitive Psychology, 96, pp.41~53 (2017)
  178. Yap, M, "Is More Always Better? Effects of Semantic Richness on Leixcal Decision, Speeded Pronunciation, and Semantic Classification", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 18, pp.742~750 (2011)
  179. Zahn, R, "Social Conceptual Impairments in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with Right Anterior Temporal Hypometabolism", Brain, 132, pp.604~616 (2009)
  180. Zald, D, "Aversive Gustatory Stimulation Activates Limbic Circuits in Humans", Brain, 121, pp.1143~1154 (1998)
  181. Zanini, C, "Mass is More: The Conceiving of (Un)countability and its Encoding into Language in 5-year-old-children", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 24, pp.1330~1340 (2016)
  182. Zatorre, R, "Functional Localization and Lateralization of Human Olfactory Cortex", Nature, 360, pp.339~340 (1992)
  183. Zdrazilova, L, "Grasping the Invisible, Semantic Processing of Abstract Words", Psychonomic bulletin & review, 20(6), pp.1312~1318 (2013)
  184. Zwaan, R, "Spatial Iconocity Affects Semantic Relatedness Judgments", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10, pp.954~958 (2003)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)