한국인들이 경험하는 외로움(loneliness)에 대한 질적 연구
A Qualitative Study of Loneliness among Koreans
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외로움은 인류 보편적으로 경험되는 정서이지만, 그 정도가 심할 경우에는 정신적, 신체적 문제를 유발하며, 사회문제로도 발전될 가능성이 높다. 그러나 외로움의 강력한 영향력에도 불구하고, 한국인들이 경험하는 외로움이 무엇인지, 어떤 특성을 갖는지 구체적으로 논의된 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대한민국 성인들이 경험하는 외로움의 개념과 특성이 무엇인지 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 수정된 합의적 질적 연구 방법(CQR-M)을 활용하여 외로움을 경험하고 있는 한국 성인 38명을 대상으로 심층 면접을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 연구 참여자들은 ‘관계 부재로 인한 외로움’, ‘관계에서의 외로움’, ‘실존적 외로움’을 경험하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, ‘집단에서의 외로움’, ‘타인지향적 외로움’, ‘융합에서의 외로움’ 등 한국인의 문화특수적 외로움으로 논의되었던 외로움을 실제적으로 확인하였다. 이는 한국인이 경험하는 외로움의 개념이 확장적으로 재구성되어야 하며, 본질적 요소와 함께 맥락적 요소에 대한 논의가 활발히 이루어질 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 구체적인 학문적, 실제적 시사점을 논하였다.
Abstract
Loneliness is a common emotion among humans, but when it becomes severe, it can lead to mental and physical problems. Severe loneliness level would even go so far as to cause various social problems. However, despite this strong influence, there is a lack of research that specifically discusses the concept and characteristics of loneliness that Koreans are experiencing. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the types and characteristics of loneliness experienced among Koreans. To this end, 38 Korean adults who experienced loneliness were interviewed in depth using the Consensual Qualitative Research Modified (CQR-M). As a result, Koreans were found to be experiencing ‘loneliness in relationships,’ ‘loneliness due to disconnection,’ and ‘existential loneliness.’ Also, researchers discovered that Koreans were actually experiencing ‘collective,’ ‘other-oriented,’ and ‘fusional’ loneliness. This finding suggests that the concept of loneliness experienced by Koreans should be extensively restructured. The implications of the findings were thoroughly discussed.
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