한국어에서 수치심과 관련된 형용사와 요인분석
Shame in Korean Language: Factor Analysis of Shame-Related Adjectives
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate shame-related adjectives in the Korean language and to explore the factor structure of these adjectives. Methods Shame-related words were extracted from an adjectives checklist, the Korean Dictionary, the Korean Synonym Dictionary, and various shame scales developed by Western investigators. A questionnaire (the Korean Shame Scale: KSS) was constructed from 62 selected adjectives, and administered to 210 college students and 204 adults. The subjects also completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Brief-Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, the Revised Cheek & Buss Shyness Scale, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results A principal component analysis of the KSS data revealed a four factor structure: mortification, modesty, shyness, and embarrassment. All except the modesty factor showed significant correlations with depression, fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance and distress, and shyness. The college student group reported experiencing a shame-related distressful emotion more frequently than the adult group. Conclusion Shame was found to be a complex psychological construct composed of quite different emotions. These emotions not only included painful feelings and uncomfortable self-consciousness, but were also related to personality traits and interpersonal attitudes.
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate shame-related adjectives in the Korean language and to explore the factor structure of these adjectives. Methods Shame-related words were extracted from an adjectives checklist, the Korean Dictionary, the Korean Synonym Dictionary, and various shame scales developed by Western investigators. A questionnaire (the Korean Shame Scale: KSS) was constructed from 62 selected adjectives, and administered to 210 college students and 204 adults. The subjects also completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Brief-Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, the Revised Cheek & Buss Shyness Scale, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results A principal component analysis of the KSS data revealed a four factor structure: mortification, modesty, shyness, and embarrassment. All except the modesty factor showed significant correlations with depression, fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance and distress, and shyness. The college student group reported experiencing a shame-related distressful emotion more frequently than the adult group. Conclusion Shame was found to be a complex psychological construct composed of quite different emotions. These emotions not only included painful feelings and uncomfortable self-consciousness, but were also related to personality traits and interpersonal attitudes.
참고문헌 (30)
- Freud S, "Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 7", pp.125~243 (1953), London, Hogarth Press
- Kohut H, "The analysis of self" (1971), New York: International University Press
- Morrison AP, "Shame: The underside of narcissism" (1989), New York: The Analytic Press
- Kaufman G, "The psychology of shame: theory and treatment of shamebased syndrome" (1989), London: Routledge
- Lewis HB, "Shame and guilt in neurosis" (1971), New York: International Universities Press
- Lewis HB, "The role of shame in symptom formation" (1987), Hilsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Alexander B, "An investigation of shame and guilt in a depressed sample", Br J Med Psychol, 72, pp.323~338 (1999)
- Orth U, "Self-conscious emotions and depression: rumination explains why shame but not guilt is maladaptive", Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 32, pp.1608~1619 (2006)
- Luby J, "Shame and guilt in preschool depression: evidence for elevations in self-conscious emotions in depression as early as age 3", J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 50, pp.1156~1166 (2009)
- Meehan W, "Guilt, shame, and depression in clients in recovery from addiction", J Psychoactive Drugs, 28, pp.125~134 (1996)
- Gupta S, "Emotion regulation skills mediate the effects of shame on eating disorder symptoms in women", Eat Disord, 16, pp.405~417 (2008)
- Leskela J, "Shame and posttraumatic stress disorder", J Trauma Stress, 15, pp.223~226 (2002)
- Tangney JP, "Are shame and guilt related to distinct self-discrepancies? A test of Higgins’s (1987) hypotheses", J Pers Soc Psychol, 75, pp.256~268 (1998)
- Benedict R, "The chrysanthemum and the sword" (1946), Boston: Houghton Mifflin
- Ha-FI, "Shame in Asian and Western Cultures", American Behavioral Scientist, 38, pp.1114~1131 (1995)
- Ko NY, "The Preliminary Study of Development and Validation of Shame Scale" (2004), Seoul: Sungshin Women’s University
- Lee MY, "The structural analysis of adjective meeaning: related to affective vocaburary", Korean Journal of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 2, pp.118~138 (1991)
- 박용수, "겨레말 갈래 큰 사전" (1992), 서울: 한글문화연구회
- 김광해, "유의어, 반의어 사전" (1987), 서울: 한샘
- Tangney JP, "Conceptual and methodological issue in the assessment of shame and guilt", Behavior Research Therapy, 34, pp.741~754 (1996)
- Hader DH, "Two promising shame and guilt scales; construct validity compatison", J Pers Soc Psychol, 55, pp.729~749 (1990)
- Beck AT, "An inventory for measuring depression", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4, pp.561~571 (1961)
- Watson D, "Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety", J Consult Clin Psychol, 33, pp.448~457 (1969)
- Leary MR, "A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale", Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 9, pp.371~375 (1983)
- Cheek JM, "An analysis of the self-monitoring scale", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, pp.679~686 (1981)
- Kim GY, "Relations between Shyness and Interpersonal Variables-Focusing on Social Skill and Motivation Factor", Korean J Child & Adol Psychiatr, 6, pp.90~99 (1995)
- Crowne DP, "A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology", J Consult Psychol, 24, pp.349~354 (1960)
- 남기숙, "한국어 단어를 기초로 한 수치심 척도의 개발 및 타당화 연구", 한국심리학회지 임상, 25(4), pp.1063~1085 (2006), 한국임상심리학회
- Kaufman G, "The psychology of shame: Theory and treatment of shame-based syndrome" (1989), London: Routledge
- Doi T, "The Anatomy of Dependence" (1973), Tokyo: Kodansha International