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소아청소년 정신의학에서의 동물모델

Animal Models in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

반건호|이서경
대한신경정신의학회 (Korean Neuropsychiatric Association)|2007.07|신경정신의학 (JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION)|제46권 제4호|pp. 285-294

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참고문헌

키워드

동물모델·소아청소년 정신의학.Animal model· Child and adolescent psychiatry.
주제분류정신과학

초록

최근 소아청소년 정신의학에서 동물 모델의 국제적 연구 방향은 자폐증에서는 관련 해부학적 구조물에 대한 조작이나 유전학적 조작에 관련된 동물 모델이 많았고, ADHD에서도 마찬가지의 관점에서 연구가 되고 있으며 그 중에서 SHR 모델이 가장 대표적인 동물 모델이라고 할 수 있다. 뚜렛 장애에서는 특히 비약물적 치료 방법에 대한 연구가 눈에 띄었고, 정신지체에서는 밝혀진 염색체의 이상에 관련된 동물 실험이 주로 진행되고 있다. 최근 발달학적 측면에서의 생물심리학적 동물 실험도 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 동물 모델에서 관찰되는 하나의 생물학적 기전과 연관된 행동 양상이 해당되는 정신 장애의 복잡한 기전과 임상 양상을 모두 설명할 수는 없다. 따라서 동물 모델을 만들고 사용할 때 보다 다양한 관점에서의 접근이 필요하다. 현재까지의 많은 연구를 통해 우리는 소아청소년 정신의학에서 사용되는 다양한 동물 모델의 종류와 동물 모델의 개발 원칙, 동물 모델을 통한 질환의 병인론이나 치료에의 이해를 넓히게 되었다. 비록 여러 가지 한계점이 존재하기는 하지만 동물모델은 정신 장애의 생물학적, 행동적 변인들에 대한 이해와 그 변인들이 환경적 영향과 어떻게 상호작용하는지에 대한 이해를 넓혀주는 도구이다. 동물 모델은 소아청소년 정신의학에 대한 이해에 새로운 이론과 가설을 세우게 도와주고 임상가와 연구자들 사이의 토론을 격려하는 기회를 제공한다.3) 현재까지는 국내 소아청소년 정신의학에서의 동물 모델 연구가 불모지나 다름없으므로 앞으로 많은 연구자들의 관심과 참여가 필요한 시점이라고 생각된다.

Abstract

In studying child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP), animal models are extremely useful to explore the pathogenesis of disorders or experiments on drugs as substitutes for the human body. Particularly in young children, the accuracy of their expression can be low and there are many restrictions in experiments directly upon the patients including difficulties in medication and tests, and therefore we need to develop animal models. However, it is not easy to develop animal models because standards for diagnosis are phenomenological and behavioral descriptions. The biggest problem in researches using animal models in CAP is that it is difficult to make representative models specific to each disorder. The present study reviewed articles about research with animal models in connection to disorders common in CAP such as autism , Tourette syndrome (TS), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mental retardation (MR). Recent researches through animal models are mainly focused on anatomical studies on sites related to disorders and genetic studies. Although many researches for autism, they still seem to be away from establishing representative models. For TS, it is not easy to make specific animal models because of the complexity of the syndrome, but animal models have been greatly helpful to find pathogenesis and develop remedies for TS. In ADHD, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) model is recognized as a fine model. With regard to MR, a majority of studies are gene researches related to known abnormal chromosomes. Throughout this review, authors recognized that only a few articles have been published using animal model for CAP in Korea. We hope that research using animal models would be activated in Korea.

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