The Relationship among Income Elasticities of MultiplePublic and Environmental Goods and Its Policy Implications
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본 연구는 최근 관심이 높아지고 있는 소득과 공공재환경재의 수요의 관계를 규명하기 위해 필요한 공공재환경재의 소득탄력성들을 살펴보고 제반 관계를 이론적, 실증적으로 고찰하고있다. 기존의 연구와는 달리 모형설정과 접근방법론에서 복수의 공공환경재를 모형설정에 포함하는 경우를 고찰하며, 접근방식은 효용함수로부터 얻을 수 있는 기본정보인 한계대체율을 이용하여 공공환경재의 제반 소득탄력성간의 관계를 명확히 규명한다. 본 연구의 이론 및 실증분석에서는 공공환경재의 가상가격과 지불용의액함수의 소득탄력성이 공공환경재의 수요의 소득탄력성과 크게 다를 수 있다는 사실을 보여준다. 어떤 공공환경재에 대하여 대체가능한 사적재가 없거나 다른 공공환경재들이 대체가능한 재화일 경우 공공환경재의 가상가격의 소득탄력성은 수요의 소득탄력성과 동일한 정도의 정보를 가질 수 있다. 또한 지불용의액의 소득탄력성에 대해서는 동차적 선호일 경우 수요의 소득탄력성과 동일한 정보를 가질 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 앞으로의 후생분석과 소비자행동이론에 관한 연구에 많이 활용되고 응용될 수 있을 것을 기대한다.
Abstract
This article shows the exact relationship among income elasticities of demand, virtual prices, and willingness to pay for public and environmental services. It further extends the existing literature into the complete multiple public goods case. As Flores and Carson show, the income elasticities of demand can be diverged from those of virtual prices and willingness to pay for public/environmental goods by additional factors, for example income elasticities of demand for all other goods, the budget share factors, and the expenditure adjustment factors via utility change. Hence the usual income classification of demand is not informative to draw an inference about that of public/environmental values. It, however, shows that the complete multiple public goods case without the existence of private market goods can reveal the same income classification of virtual prices as that of demand. For the homothetic preferences, the income classification of virtual prices is informative to that of willingness to pay. The simulation in this article confirms this argument. It will add flexibility in the empirical analysis of welfare change and aggregate consumer behavior.
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