멀티미디어 기반 문제중심학습 환경에서 스캐폴딩 설계원리 탐색
Instructional Design Principles for Scaffolding Problem-based Learning in a Multimedia-based Learning Environment
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초록
문제중심학습은 비구조화된 과제의 문제해결을 위하여 학습자들에게 인지적·메타인지적 곤란감을 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 학습자 스스로 학습을 내면화 할 수 있도록 지원하는 스캐폴딩이 요구된다. 특히 멀티미디어 기반 학습환경의 경우 다양한 멀티미디어 자원들이 이러한 스캐폴딩을 지원하기 위해 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다는 점에서 적절한 스캐폴딩 전략이 고안될 필요가 있다. 스캐폴딩에 관한 선행연구들은 학습자의 문제해결지원을 위해 개념적, 전략적, 메타인지적 스캐폴딩이 사용될 수 있다고 제시한다. 이러한 스캐폴딩은 문제중심학습의 학습과정상의 특성을 고려하여 제시하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 멀티미디어 환경에서 문제중심학습의 학습과정 단계에 따라 활용될 수 있는 스캐폴딩 유형과 사례를 검토한 후, 문제표상,해결책개발, 해결책 검토 및 평가의 단계별로 효과적인 스캐폴딩 설계원리를 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 멀티미디어 환경에서 성공적인 문제중심학습을 위해 문제해결과정의 각 단계별로적용할 수 있는 스캐폴딩 설계원리들을 제시한다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
Problem-based learning needs scaffolding for making students-centered learning environments because the complexities of the ill-structured tasks bring about cognitive·metacognitive challenges to students. A variety of learning resources can also bring challenges to students such as audio, video, animation, and so on in a multimedia learning environment. Previous studies on scaffoldings suggest that three types of scaffoldings(conceptual scaffolding, procedural scaffolding, and metacognitive scaffolding)have been used to support students problem solving according to the process of problem solving such as problem representation, solution development, and monitoring and evaluation of solutions during problem-based learning. Given the difference of problem solving processes, these scaffoldings should be provided differently to support students learning appropriately. Thus, this study first, explored different types of scaffoldings and their examples in a multimedia learning environment. Instructional design principles then, were suggested to scaffold different processes of problem solving (problem representation, solution development, and monitoring and evaluation of solution). The suggested scaffolding design principles are expected to provide instructional designers with useful strategies that can be employed for the development of a multimedia based problem-based learning.
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