대학수업을 위한 문제중심학습(PBL) 설계모형 개발
Development of a PBL Instructional Design Model for Higher Education
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본 연구의 목적은 대학에서 교수자들이 자신의 교수상황과 조건에 적합한 PBL 수업을 설계할 수 있도록 돕는 PBL설계모형을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 문헌분석과 PBL 유경험 교수자 인터뷰를 통해 PBL 설계의 구성요소를 도출하고, 대학 교수상황을 고려한 PBL설계의 상황적 지침을 도출하여 1차 PBL설계모형을 구안하였다. 그 후 구안된 모형에 대한 전문가 검토를 실시하고 대학 교수자를 대상으로 모형의 사용성 평가를 실시하여 1차 모형을 개선하여 최종 PBL설계모형을 개발하였다. PBL설계모형은 분석단계활동과 설계단계활동으로 이루어진다. 분석단계활동에서는 요구분석, PBL 수업 적합성 판단, 내용분석, 학습자분석, 환경분석, PBL운영환경 결정, PBL 수업형태 결정 7가지 활동을 수행한다. 설계단계활동에서는문제상황설계, 학습자원설계, 문제해결과정촉진설계, 운영전략설계, 평가설계, PBL운영환경설계를 한 후,수업설계 결과물에 대한 형성평가를 실시하고, 수정 및 보안하여 최종 PBL 수업설계안을 완성한다. PBL 설계모형은 일반적인 설계 지침과 상황적 지침, PBL 수업형태별 상황적 지침을 제시하여 교수자에게 보다 구체적이고 실제적인 안내를 제공하도록 하였다. 개발된 PBL설계모형은 수업에 관한 제반 요소를 고려하여 PBL 수업을 설계하고, 대학의 다양한 교수상황에 적합한 PBL 수업을 설계할 수 있도록 상황적 지침을 제공하고 있다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a PBL instructional design model that can be used by faculties in higher education who want to apply PBL to their courses. The specific development steps for the targeted model were as followings: 1) developing the 1st draft model based on the related literature review and on the results of interview to college faculties with PBL experience, 2) validating 1st draft model based on the PBL experts' review of the 1st draft,and identifying further improvement of the draft model based on the results of usability test with several college instructors, 3) finalizing the model based on results of previous development steps and other considerations. PBL instructional design model for higher education was finalized, based on results of previous development steps and other considerations. The final model consists of two stages, analysis and design. The analysis stage includes: 1) identifying PBL course requirements through needs analysis, 2) deciding the adequacy of PBL as the instructional design strategy to the course, 3) content analysis, 4) learner analysis, 5) context analysis 6) deciding an appropriate PBL implementation environment, 7) deciding appropriate PBL type. The design stage includes 1) conducting problem situation design, considering the type of PBL and the nature of the discipline of the course, 2) designing to facilitate problem solving process 3) learning resources design, 4) implementation strategy design, 5) evaluation design, 6) designing a PBL implementation environment, 7) formative evaluation, 8) revising and deciding a final PBL. The PBL design model developed in this study has several interesting features. First, the model enables us to design a PBL course in higher education after considering various factors which are needed in designing PBL. Second, the model provides faculties in higher education with situational principles/guidelines for PBL design that are appropriate for a variety of instructional situation. Third, the PBL design model is based on instructors' needs about PBL courses as well as literature review on designing PBL.
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