대학생의 심층 학습(deep learning)에영향을 미치는 요인: 3개 대학 사례 연구
The Influential Factors on College Students’ Deep Learning: Multi-Case Analysis on Three Universities
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본 연구는 대학생의 심층 학습에 영향을 주는 요인을 국내 대학 맥락에서 탐색한 것이다. 구체적으로는 어떤 개인적 특성을 가진 학생이 심층 학습을 활발히 하는지와 심층 학습을 유도하는 학습 환경(learning context)은 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. 심층 학습(deep learning)이란 단순 암기를 특징으로 하는 표면적 학습(surface learning)과 대조되는 개념으로 지식의 통합, 반성, 재구성 등을 특징으로 하는 심층적인 학습 접근(deep approach to learning)을 지칭한다. 양적 조사(K-NSSE) 결과, 재학생의 심층 학습 수준이 우수한 것으로 나타난 3개 대학에 재학 중인 학생 93명과 교수 37명에 대한 심층 면담을 수행하였고, 전사한 자료를 주제 분류분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 학생의 심층 학습을 유도하는 학습 환경으로는 심층 학습 촉진자로서 교수의 역할, 문제해결 학습 상황, 협동 학습과 다양성 기반 학습 환경, 융합교육 환경, 기숙사 생활 등이 나타났다. 그리고 기관 특성으로는 대학의 규모와 교육 및 연구중심 등 대학기관의 특성이 학생의 심층 학습에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 개인 특성으로는 개인의 성향, 학년이 심층 학습에 영향을 미치고, 학습에 대한 기대 및 동기와 전공 계열이 대학의 학습 환경과 상호작용하면서 심층 학습 경험을 촉진하고 있었다. 결론에서 도출된 연구 결과를 토대로 향후 대학생의 심층 학습을 이끌어 내고자 하는 대학들이 실천적 차원에서 활용할 수 있는 방안을 시사점으로 제시하였다.
Abstract
Previous studies have claimed deep learning is highly associated with college students’ engagement as well as their academic achievement. With its importance in mind, this study aimed to explore the influential factors on Korean college students’ deep learning. To investigate the research purpose, the study conducted multi-case analysis on three universities. The three universities have been in the upper ranks of the K-NSSE for their students’ deep learning participation. The study conducted in-depth interviews with 120 professors and students at the subject universities. The analysis followed a strict qualitative research method procedure. Two major factors on college students’ adopting deep learning strategies were noted by analyzing the interviews: personal and contextual. Once the research results were deliberated, the study suggested some practical policies which higher educational institutions may adopt to improve and facilitate their students’ deep learning.
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