경제와 사회보장의 관점에서 본 스웨덴모델의 특징과 시사점
The Economy and the Social Security of the Swedish Model ‒ the characteristics and its implications on Korea ‒
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초록
본 논문은 자유주의 복지국가 모델과는 확연히 다른 경제사회형태를 취하면서 경제, 재정, 사회보장이라는 강력한 삼각구도를 형성하면서 성장과 복지를 양립해 온 스웨덴모델의 특징을 살펴보고 우리나라에 주는 시사점을 고찰한다. 고복지·고부담의 대표주자인 스웨덴은 복지의 고부담이 경제성장의 장애요인으로 작용하지 않고 있으며, 선진국 중에서도 상대적으로 높은 경제성장률을 유지하고 있기에 스웨덴모델의 연구는 우리나라의 사회보장제도의 발전방향에 주는 함의가 크다고 생각하기 때문이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 스웨덴모델의 특징을 적극적노동시장정책, 연대임금정책 및 재정정책이 강조되는 경제적 측면과 수익과 부담의 원칙, 높은 여성노동시장참가율 및 연금제도를 포함한 탄탄한 사회보험이 강조되는 사회보장적 측면으로 구분하여 분석한다. 결론적으로 스웨덴모델은 사회보장제도를‘효율적인 경제발전을 위하여 가계와 기업만으로는 부족한 부분을 보완’하는 것으로 간주할 뿐만 아니라 ‘성장에 의한 사회보장제도의 충실과 사회보장제도의 충실에 의한 성장유지’라는 양방향에서의 상호보완성을 정책의 최우선으로 하고 있다는 점을 강조한다.
Abstract
Contrary to the Liberal Welfare Regime model that has emphasized the market-oriented system, this paper explores the Swedish model that has simultaneously grown and pursued welfare by forming a well-balanced triangular structure amongst economy, finance and social security. The Swedish model, with its generous welfare state benefits and high taxation, has succeeded in attaining sustainable economic growth compared with other OECD countries. Impressively, high taxation has not impeded its economic performance. In order to analyse the characteristics of the model in more depth, this paper divides them into two perspectives: economic and social security. Whilst the economic perspective focuses on active labour market policy and fiscal policy, the social security perspective focuses on the principle of beneficiaries and tax payers, with higher participation of women in labour markets and pension systems. This paper emphasizes the fact that the model has stressed the importance on complementing the balance between generous social state benefits and high economic efficiency.
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