고령화 정책결정과정과 권력 재분배적 이용자 참여 연구: 영국 고령화자문포럼 사례를 중심으로
In search for a distributive user involvement in policy-making process on ageing: a case study of UK Advisory Forum on Ageing
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초록
본 연구는 ‘이용자 참여’ 분야를 선도적으로 이끌고 있는 영국의 고령자들은 어떻게 정책결정과정에 참여하고 있는지 2009년 여름 신설된 <전국고령화자문포럼>의 사례를 통해 살펴봄으로써, 여전히 하향식의 정책과정에 익숙한 우리 사회에 ‘이용자 참여’에 관한 논의를 소개하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 우선, ‘소비자주의’ 또는 통치담론 도구로서의 ‘가식적’ 이용자 참여와는 다른 민주적 접근방법으로서 ‘진정한’ 이용자 참여를 가능하게 하는 조건으로서, ‘존중과 신뢰’, ‘접근성’, ‘실질적 지원’ 등 세 가지를 실천적 지표를 제시하였는데 이는 영국에서 서비스 이용자들이 제기한 민관파트너십의 성공 조건에 근거한 것이다. 즉, 진정한 ‘이용자 참여’는, 이용자(여기서는 고령자)들에 대한 ‘존중과 신뢰’를 바탕으로, 관련 정책 결정과정에의 ‘접근성’을 확보해 주고, 이를 위한 실질적인 ‘지원’을 제공해 줌으로써가능한 것이다. 이를 통해, 이들의 의견이 실질적으로 정책결정에 영향력을 행사하여 정책으로 반영될 때, 비로소 ‘힘있는 자’들의 ‘소외된 자’들을 위한 정책 결정이 아닌, 실제 이용자들이 그들 스스로의 정책을 만들어 내는데 기여할 수 있도록 해준다. 기존의 노인세대와 질적으로 다른 베이비붐 세대의 은퇴 이후를 준비하면서, 이들이 고령화 정책결정에 주체적으로 참여할 수 있도록, 정부의 적극적 접근과 실질적 지원을 기대해 본다.
Abstract
This study began by a research question whether or not a genuine user involvement based on power redistribution is possible, and by what conditions. The recently launched UK Advisory Forum on Ageing and older persons' involvement in the policy process is chosen as a case study as it represents a new initiative by the British government to "empower older people's engagement" by establishing a consultation body at the national level. We understand that user involvement in the participatory democratic approach is feasible only when a meaningful power redistribution is made and that the power redistribution can be achieved by meeting the following three conditions. Firstly, older participants in the process shall need to be respected and trusted as equal partners. Secondly, opportunities to participate in the policy process, as well as practical support for it (such as provision of physical arena and of financial support to attend any meetings), shall be provided. Lastly, supports to develop older persons' human resources and capacity building for active participation are also required. Only when these three conditions are met, the user involvement can be referred as genuine, with power being distributed to so-far marginalised users. The conclusion of this study is that for a genuine and successful user involvement in the policy process, the strong and continuous government support is necessary. The conclusion also includes implications for Korea where the desire for participation in policy-making process on ageing will be stronger around the time of retirement of the baby-boom generation in the foreseen future.
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