본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

기업가정신(Entrepreneurship)과 기업가(Entrepreneur)의 정의의 통합모형: 직무관점 및 역량모델 관점의 적용

A Conceptual Synthesis Model of the Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur with Perspectives of Job and Competence Model

이춘우
한국중소기업학회|2019.03|중소기업연구|제41권 제1호|pp. 97-129|DOI 10.36491/APJSB.41.1.5

0

조회

0

다운로드

34

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneur기업가기업가정신(앙트라프러뉴어십)개념적 통합모형Conceptual Synthesis Model
주제분류경영학

초록

기업가정신의 개념을 이해하는데 있어서 일반인들뿐만 아니라 많은 연구자들도 매우 혼란스러워 하면서, ‘통일된 정의가 없다’거나 ‘매우 다양하다’ 또는 ‘모르겠다’라고 하는 경우가 많다. 기업가정신을 정의하는데 마치 장님 코끼리 만지듯이 특정 측면을 강조하여 정의함으로써 매우 많은 다양한 정의들이 제시되어 기업가정신을 이해하는데 있어서 혼란스러운 상황이 지속되고 있는 것이다. 기업가정신의 전체적인 개념적 모습을 알 수 있는 모델이 필요하지만 이에 대한 연구도 미흡한 상태로 보인다. 이에 본 연구는 선행연구에서 기업가정신 및 기업가를 ‘스스로를 고용(self-employment) 하는 사람’으로도 정의하고 있음에 착안하여, 기업가를 자연인이 아니라 하나의 직무 (경력/직업)로 보고, 선행연구문헌에서의 기업가정신과 기업가에 대한 정의들을 직무 관점과 역량모델관점에서 분석적으로 재고찰하였다. 연구결과 선행연구에서 제시된 기업가정신의 정의의 내용을 직무관점에서 담당자(주체)와 직무행동방식(동사), 직무내용 (대상), 직무성과(결과/효과), 기타 측면으로 분류할 수 있었다. 그리고 기업가에 대한 정의들에 포함된 내용들을 역량모델관점에서 개인차원의 심리적 특질들과 ‘기업가가 수행하는 직무 측면 요인들로 나누고, Spencer and Spencer(1993)의 역량모델에 비추어 기업가직무역량모델을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 직무관점과 역량모델관점을 토대로 선행 연구에서의 기업가정신의 정의와 기업가의 정의들을 재해석하고 체계화하여 앙트라 프러뉴어십(기업가정신) 개념 전체를 조망하고 이해할 수 있는 개념적 통합모형을 도출 하였다. 본 연구의 앙트라프러뉴어십 통합모형은 기업가정신에 대한 기존의 장님 코끼리 만지듯이 정의하고 논의했던 한계를 극복하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

The concepts of entrepreneurship are very various. So many researchers are confused or not sure of the concepts of entrepreneurship. Some entrepreneurship researches has defined the entrepreneurship as ‘self-employment. This study try to set a comprehensive conceptual model of concepts of entrepreneurship through classification of word and phrase with job analysis and competence model. Several concepts of entrepreneurship which important prior researchers, had defined are analysed into ‘subject’, ‘object’, ‘verb’, ‘goal and behavioral results’ with content analysis. Also, Several concepts of entrepreneur which important prior researchers had defined, are analysed into ‘individual psychological traits’, ‘competence and ability’, ‘motive’, and ‘function or job (business).’ This study suggests a integrated conceptual model of entrepreneurship based on analysed results.

참고문헌 (75)

  1. 김영환, "기업가정신 전문 유명 국제학술지 논문 검토를 통한 기업가정신 연구 동향 분석", 중소기업연구, 35(3), pp.347~376 (2013), 한국중소기업학회
  2. 이춘우, "조직앙트라프러뉴십의 역할과 조직성과에 관한 연구 : 자원기초이론을 중심으로", 박사, 경영학, pp.1999
  3. 이춘우, "기업가정신의 이해", pp.2014, 중소기업청
  4. Baporikar, N., "Role of Entrepreneurship in Networked Indian Economy" (2017), IGI Global
  5. Baum, J. R., "The Relationship of Entrepreneurial Traits, Skill, and Motivation to Subsequent Venture Growth", Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), pp.587~598 (2004)
  6. Baudeau, A. N., "De l’éducation natioale", Éphémérides du citoyen, 2(11), pp.165~185
  7. Kao, R. W. Y., "Defining Entrepreneurship: Past, Present and Future", Creativity and Innovation Management, 2(1), pp.69~70 (1993)
  8. Boje, P., "A career approach tp entrepreneurship:The case of Thomas B. Thrige", Business History, 35(2), pp.33~44 (1993)
  9. Brockhaus, R. H., "Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs", Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), pp.509~520 (1980)
  10. Bunder, S., "Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable", Journal of Personality, 30, pp.29~51 (1962)
  11. Burgelman, R. A., "A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in Diversified Major Firm", Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, pp.223~244 (1983)
  12. Burgelman, R. A., "Design for corporate entrepreneurship", California Management Review, 26(3), pp.154~166 (1984)
  13. Cantillion, R., "Essai Sur La Nature Du Commerce en General" (1995), MacMillan
  14. Carland, J. W., "Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners:A conceptualization", Academy of Management Review, 9(2), pp.354~359 (1984)
  15. Carroll, G., "The career dynamics of self-employment", Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, pp.570~589 (1987)
  16. Casson, M., "The entrepreneur: An Economic Theory" (1982), Barnes & Noble Books
  17. Cole, A. H., "Business Enterprise in Its Social Setting" (1959), Harvard University Press
  18. Collins, O. F., "The enterprising man" (1964), MSU Business Studies
  19. Davids, L. E., "Characteristics of small business founders in Texas and Georgia" (1963), Bureau of Business Research, University of Georgia
  20. Dollinger, M. J., "Entrepreneurship: Strategies and Resources" (1995), Irwin
  21. Douglas, E. J., "Selfemployment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), pp.81~90 (2002)
  22. Drucker, P. F., "Innovation and Entrepreneurship:Practice and Principles" (1985), Harper & Row
  23. Dunkelberg, W. C., "Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research", pp.1~15 (1982), Babson Center for Entrepreneurial Studies
  24. Dyer, W. G., "Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(2), pp.7~21 (1995)
  25. Gartner, W. B., "A Conceptual Framework for Describing the Phenomenon of New Venture Creation", Academy of Management Review, pp.696~706 (1985)
  26. Gartner, W. B., "Who is and entrepreneur? Is the wrong question", American Journal of Small Business, 12, pp.11~32 (1988)
  27. Gasse, Y., "Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Practices: A Study of the Dynamics of Small Business Organisation and Their Effectiveness in Different Environments" (1977), René Prince
  28. Hagedoorn, J., "Innovation and entrepreneurship:Schumpeter revisited", Industrial and Corporate Change, 5(3), pp.883~896 (1996)
  29. Hagen, E. E., "On the Theory of Social Change" (1962), Wiley
  30. Hebert, R. F., "A History of Entrepreneurship" (2009), Routledge
  31. Hebert, R. F., "In Search of the Meaning of Entrepreneurship", Small Business Economics, 1(1), pp.39~49 (1989)
  32. Herron, L., "Cultivating Corporate Entrepreneurs", Human Resource Planning, 15(4), pp.3~15 (1992)
  33. Hitt, M. A., "Strategic Entrepreneurship:Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation", Strategic Management Journal, 22(6-7), pp.479~491 (2001)
  34. Hornaday, J. A., "Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs", Personnel Psychology, 24, pp.141~153 (1971)
  35. Hoselitz, B. F., "Entrepreneurship and economic growth", American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 12(1), pp.97~111 (1952)
  36. Kao, R. W. Y., "Defining Entrepreneurship:Past, Present and Future", Creativity and Innovation Management, 2(1), pp.69~70 (1993)
  37. Kao, R. W. Y., "Entrepreneurship: A Wealth-Creation and Value-Adding Process" (1995), Prentice-Hall
  38. Kirzner, I. M., "Discovery and the Capitalist Process" (1975), The University of Chicago Press
  39. Kirzner, I. M., "Perception, Opportunity and Profit: Studies in the Theory of Entrepreneurship", pp.38~40 (1979), The University of Chicago Press
  40. Kirzner, I. M., "Entrepreneurship", pp.281~290 (1983), Lexington Books
  41. Knight, F. H., "Risk, Uncertainty and Profit" (1921), Houghton Mifflin Company
  42. Kolvereid, L., "Organizational employment versus self-employment: Reasons for career choice intentions", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(3), pp.23~31 (1996)
  43. Kuratko, D. F., "Understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurship through framework approaches", Small Business Economics, 45(1), pp.1~13 (2015)
  44. Litzinger, W. D., "The Motel Entrepreneurs and the Motel Manager", Academy of Management Journal, 8(4), pp.268~281 (1965)
  45. Leibenstein, H., "General X-Efficiency Theory and Economic Development" (1978), Oxford University Press
  46. Low, M. B., "Entrepreneurship:Past research and future challenges", Journal of Management, 14(2), pp.139~161 (1988)
  47. Lumpkin, G. T., "Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance", Academy of Management Review, 21(1), pp.135~172 (1996)
  48. McClelland, D. C., "The Achieving Society" (1961), D. Van Nostrand
  49. Morris, M. H., "Re-conceptualizing entrepreneurship:An input-output perspective", Advanced Management Journal, 59(1), pp.21~31 (1994)
  50. Penrose, E. T., "The Growth of the Firm" (1959), M. E. Sharpe, Inc
  51. Personality and success:An evaluation of personal characteristics of successful small business managers, "Pickle, H. B.", US Government Printing Office, ~, pp.Small Business Research Series No 4 (1964)
  52. Rocha, H., "Entrepreneurship Safari: A phenomenon-Driven Search for Meaning", Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 3(3), pp.205~255 (2007)
  53. Ronstadt, R. C., "Entrepreneurship: Text, cases and notes" (1984), Massachusetts Lord Publisher
  54. Rothwell, R., "Intracorporate entrepreneurs", Management Decision, 13(3), pp.142~154 (1975)
  55. Rotter, J. B., "Generalized Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement", Psychology Monographs, 80, pp.38~46 (1966)
  56. Say, J. B., "A Theories on Political Economy" (1803), Augustus, M. Kell
  57. Schuler, R. D., "Fostering and Facilitating Entrepreneurship in Organizations: Implications for Organization Structure and Human Resource Management Practice", Human Resource Management, 25(4), pp.607~629 (1986)
  58. Schumpeter, J. A., "The Theory of Economic Development" (1934), Harvard University Press
  59. Schumpeter, J. A., "Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy" (1942), Harper
  60. Schumpeter, J. A., "The Creative Response in Economic History", Journal of Economic History, 7, pp.149~159 (1947)
  61. Sexton, D. L., "The entrepreneur:A capable executive and more", Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), pp.129~140 (1985)
  62. Sexton, D. L., "Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneur", Academy of Management Journal, 23, pp.509~520 (1980)
  63. Shane, S., "The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research", Academy of Management Review, 25(1), pp.217~226 (2000)
  64. Shane, S., "Entrepreneurial Motivation", Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), pp.257~279 (2003)
  65. Souder, W. E., "Encouraging Entrepreneurship in the large corporations", Research Management, 24(3), pp.18~22 (1981)
  66. Spencer, L. M., "Competence at Work" (1993), Wiley
  67. Stepanek, J. E., "Managers for small industry:An international study" (1960), Free Press
  68. Stevenson, H. H., "New Business Ventures and the Entrepreneur" (1989), Richard D. Irwin
  69. Sutton, F. X., "Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth", Social Science Research Council and Harvard University Research Center in Entrepreneurial History, ~ (1954)
  70. Timmons, J. A., "Characteristics and Role Demands of Entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 3(1), pp.5~17 (1978)
  71. Timmons, J. A., "New Venture Creation" (1985), Tata McGraw-Hill Education
  72. Venkataraman, S., "Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth:Vol.3", pp.119~138 (1997), JAI Press
  73. Vesper, K., "Entrepreneurship and National Policy" (1983), Heller International Corporation Institute for Small Business
  74. Welsh, J. A., "Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research", pp.504~515 (1981), Babson Center for Entrepreneurial Studies
  75. Zacca, R., "Entrepreneurship:An evolving conceptual framework", International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 21(1, pp.2) (2017), 8~26

관련 논문AI추천

앙트러프러너십(entrepreneurship)의 국문 번역어에 대한 고찰조규호한국창업학회 · 한국창업학회지2019 · 제14권 제6호창업가 정신이 창업의지에 미치는 영향: 창업가 역량의 매개효과를 중심으로박지수, 이동희한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2024 · 제19권 제6호창업의 개념적 진화와 새로운 성장동력: 사내 창업을 중심으로김민형, 이건희한국전문경영인학회 · 전문경영인연구2016 · 제19권 제1호창업역량 영향요인에 대한 통합적 문헌고찰: 창업가 개인역량을 중심으로김은성, 리상섭한국성인교육학회 · Andragogy Today: Interdisciplinary Journal of Adult & Continuing Education (IJACE)2020 · 제23권 제1호한국의 기업가정신 발전과정배종태기업가정신학회 · 기업가정신연구2022 · 제3권 제2호한국형 기업가정신 모델 개발에 대한 사례 연구: 혁신창업가의 기업가적 과정을 중심으로김영환, 손준호, 이승재한국중소기업학회 · 중소기업연구2018 · 제40권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)

지각된 농식품 관련 모바일 SNS의 특성이 소비자태도 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향양동우, 안은주pp. 1-28중소기업의 자본조달 방식이 기업가치에 미치는 영향: 내부유보자금과 부채의 선택경쟁이주일, 김상준pp. 29-51광역쇼핑시설의 중소유통 상권잠식 효과: 복합쇼핑몰 등 4개 신유통업태를 중심으로신기동, 박주영pp. 53-73경영자 특성에 따른 R&D 투자와 기업가치 관련성: 벤처기업을 중심으로김정은, 김이진, 전성일pp. 75-96
원문 보기