한국의 기업가정신 발전과정
Entrepreneurship Development Process in Korea: Theory and Practice
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초록
본 연구에서는 한국의 기업가정신의 특징과 기업가정신이 발전해온 과정을 돌아보고, 시대정신에 따라 기업가정신의 특성과 현상이 어떻게 바뀌어 왔는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 한국의 기업가정신 정의와 이해, 한국의 기업가정신 발전과정, 한국형 기업가정신(K-Entrepreneurship) 등 세 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 본 연구는 한국의 경제사회발전과정과 연계하여, 기업가정신을 “시대정신에 부응하여, ① 새로운 기회를 포착하여, ② 혁신과 협력, 자원 및 리스크 관리를 통해 가치를 창출하고 나누는, ③ 기업가의 도전적인 마음가짐과 행동”으로 정의하고, 일반적인 기업가정신의 특성이 한국에서 시대정신에 따라 어떻게 구현되었는지 상황적 분석을 시도하였다. 특히 기업가정신의 핵심요소로 ① 기회포착, ② 도전/열정, ③ 혁신/가치창출의 세 가지를 도출하였다. 둘째, 한국 기업가정신의 발전과정을 아직 기업가정신이 본격화되지 못했던 기업가정신 여명기(1920년대-1950년대)에 이어, ① 기업가정신 1세대 (1960년대-1980년대), ② 기업가정신 2세대 (1990년대-2000년대), ③ 기업가정신 3세대 (2010년대 이후) 등 3단계로 나누어 살펴보았다. 각 세대별로 대표적인 기업가들을 분석하였고, 사업기회의 특성도 살펴보았다 셋째, 본 연구에서는 우리나라 기업가정신 발전과정과 기업가들의 활동 특성을 바탕으로 한국형 기업가정신의 원형과 특성을 탐색해 보았다. 특히 한국형 기업가정신의 핵심요소로 ① 시대정신을 반영한 동태적 발전, ② 빠른 혁신과 실행, ③ 정부정책 지원과 연계, ④ 우수한 기업가 및 인력 등 네 가지 특성을 도출하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 한국의 기업가정신 특성을 파악하고, 우리나라 기업가정신의 발전 방향을 모색하는데도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study deals with the characteristics and development process of entrepreneurship in Korea and how the aspects and phenomena of entrepreneurship have changed according to the spirit of the times. This study consists of three parts: the definition and understanding of Korean entrepreneurship, the development process of Korean entrepreneurship, and the nature of K-Entrepreneurship. First, in connection with Korea's economic and social development process and the spirit of the times, this study defines entrepreneurship as “① an entrepreneur’s challenging mindset, competence, and action, ② identifying new opportunities, and ③ creating and sharing value through innovation, cooperation, resources and risk management, in the context of the spirit of the age. Three key elements of entrepreneurship were derived: ① opportunity, ② challenge, and ③ innovation/value creation. Second, the development process of entrepreneurship in Korea was analyzed. Following the embryonic period of entrepreneurship (the 1920s-1950s), when entrepreneurship was not yet fully realized, entrepreneurship in Korea has developed along three stages: ① the first generation (1960s-1980s), ② the second generation (1990s-2000s) and ③ the third generation of entrepreneurship (since 2010s). Representative entrepreneurs for each age were analyzed, and the characteristics of business opportunities were also examined. Third, this study explored the prototype and characteristics of Korean entrepreneurship (K-Entrepreneurship) based on the development process of entrepreneurship in Korea and the attributes of entrepreneurs' activities. In particular, four key elements of Korean entrepreneurship - ① dynamic development reflecting the spirit of the times, ② rapid innovation and execution, ③ strong government policy support, and ④ existence of excellent entrepreneurs and smart people. The findings of this study will contribute to understanding the characteristics of Korean entrepreneurship and seeking the development direction of Korean entrepreneurship.
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