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온라인 시민참여에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구: 인구통계학적 요인, 개인 특성, 디지털 리터러시를 중심으로

Factors Affecting Online Civic Engagement: Demographics, Personal Traits, and Digital Literacy

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초록

본 연구는 비대면 활동의 증가로 그 중요성이 점차 커지고 있는 온라인 시민참여에영향을 미치는 예측 요인들을 살펴보기 위해 전국의 20세 이상 59세 이하 성인 남녀698명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 구체적으로, 온라인 시민참여의 정도가 연령, 교육수준, 소득수준 등 인구통계학적 변인, IT 혁신성과 인지욕구 등 개인 특성, 그리고 디지털 리터러시에 의해 어떻게 예측되는가를 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 확인하였다. 연구 결과, IT 혁신성, 인지욕구가 높을수록 온라인 시민참여 수준이 높음을 확인할수 있었다. 디지털 리터러시의 하위차원인 기능적 소비, 비판적 소비, 기능적 생비, 비판적 생비 중 비판적 리터러시에 해당하는 비판적 소비, 비판적 생비는 온라인 시민참여의 수준과 정적 관계를 보였으나, 기능적 소비는 부적 관계를 나타내었다. 인구통계학적 특성은 온라인 시민참여 정도를 예측하는데 유의미한 예측요인이 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 디지털 기기에의 접근을 추구하거나 콘텐츠를 비판적으로 수용하는 개인 특성을 고려하거나 비판적 소비와 생산을 가능케 하는 리터러시 교육에 자원을 투입할 경우 온라인 시민참여를 증진시키는 데에 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다. 본연구는 이를 통해 민주주의의 근간이 되는 온라인 시민참여 확대를 위한 이론적이고 정책적인 함의를 제시한다.

Abstract

This research examined the factors affecting online civic engagement based on a sample of 698 adults from 20 to 59 years old. Specifically, online civic engagement was predicted by (a) demographics (age, education, income), (b) personal traits (need for cognition, and IT innovativeness), and (c) digital literacy. Results of hierarchical regression showed that IT innovativeness and need for cognition were positive predictors of online civic engagement. Of the four types of digital literacy (functional consumption, critical consumption, functional prosumption, and critical prosumption), critical consumption and critical prosumption increased online civic engagement, whereas functional consumption decreased online civic engagement. Demographic factors were not significantly related to online civic engagement. This study has important implications. From a practical perspective, the important role of digital literacy in online civic engagement suggests that more effort should be devoted to digital literacy education. Specifically, results showed that critical literacy was more important than functional literacy.

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