장애인 기부 메시지의 전달에서 소구 유형과 수용자 성향이 효과에 미치는 영향 : 평등/인도주의의 조절작용을 중심으로
The Effects of Appeal Type and Personal Traits in the Delivery of Disability Giving Messages : Focusing on the Moderation of Egalitarianism and Humanitarianism
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 장애인 기부 메시지를 대상으로 호혜적/공감적 소구와 수용자 성향이 기부 태도와 의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 호혜적/공감적 소구는 설득 분야에서 활용되던 이성적/감성적 소구를 기부와 같은 이타적 행위에 적합하게 보완한 형태로, 감성적 호소와 더불어 인지적 호소의 활용을 높이기 위하여 고안된 비교 방식이다. 장애인 기부 메시지를 대상으로 호혜적/공감적 소구의 효과가 발현되는 과정을 세밀히 살펴보고자 가치 성향(평등주의, 인도주의)과의 상호작용을 살펴보았다. 실험은 서울 소재대학 두 곳에서 대학생을 대상으로 진행하였고, 최종적으로 256명의 데이터를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 평등주의와 인도주의는 장애인 태도와 정적인 관계가 있어 기부 메시지의 표적 성향으로 활용 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 평등주의와 인도주의 성향이 높을수록장애인 기부 메시지에 대하여 우호적으로 반응하였는데, 호혜적/공감적 소구의 효과를조절하는 요인은 평등주의로 나타났다. 평등주의 성향이 높은 집단은 낮은 집단에 비하여 호혜적 소구에 대하여 더 우호적으로 반응하였고, 공감적 소구에 대해서는 차이를보이지 않았다. 전체적인 결과는 장애인 기부 메시지의 전달에서 공감적 소구와 더불어호혜적 소구도 충분히 활용할 수 있다는 증거를 제시한다.
Abstract
This study examined the effects of reciprocity/empathy and personal orientation on donation attitudes and intentions in disability donation messages. Reciprocal/empathic appeals are an adaptation of the rational/ emotional appeals used in persuasion to altruistic behaviors such as donation, and are a comparative approach designed to increase the use of cognitive appeals alongside emotional appeals. Since the disability donation message is a topic that balances the rational and empathic components, we examined the interaction with value orientation (egalitarianism, humanitarianism) to understand how the effect manifests itself. The experiment was conducted with a data set of 256 college students at two universities in Seoul. Effects were measured by donation attitudes and donation intentions. The results showed that egalitarianism and humanitarianism are positively related to disability attitudes and can be used as target dispositions for donation messages. Higher levels of egalitarianism and humanitarianism were associated with more favorable responses to disability donation messages, with egalitarianism moderating the process through which the relative effects of the reciprocal/empathic appeals manifested. Higher egalitarian individualsresponded more favorably to the reciprocal message than lower egalitarian ones, with no difference for the empathic message. Overall, our findings suggest that egalitarian values influence the process by which the relative advantage of reciprocal over empathic appeal occurs, and provide evidence that reciprocal appeal can be utilized in addition to empathic appeal in the communication of donation messages for the disabled.
참고문헌 (70)
- 권회연, "통합교육 경험이 대학생들의 장애인 인권 의식 및 인성에 미친 영향 연구", 통합교육연구, 10(2), pp.1~27 (2015), 한국통합교육학회[DOI]
- 김이레, "코로나19가 장애인의 정신건강에 미치는 영향", 보건사회연구, 42(2), pp.102~121 (2022), 한국보건사회연구원[DOI]
- 김혜숙, "우리나라 사람들이 가지는 가치가 소수 집단에 대한 편견적 태도에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 21(4), pp.91~104 (2007), 한국사회및성격심리학회[DOI]
- 나준희, "기부의도: 수혜자의 상황과 사회적 배제의 경험", 상품학연구, 40(1), pp.1~6 (2022), 한국상품학회
- 박민정, "코로나19가 장애인의 삶의 변화에 미치는 영향: 부산지역 장애인을 중심으로", 한국장애인복지학, 56(56), pp.119~148 (2022), 한국장애인복지학회[DOI]
- 박민진, "장기기증 메시지의 효과 구현에 호혜적", 공감적 소구와 사회적 유대감이 미치는 영향, 2021, pp.35(5), 76~111[DOI]
- 성영신, "수혜자의 표정과 기부 목적에 따른 기부 설득 효과", 한국심리학회지: 소비자·광고, 12(3), pp.639~658 (2011), 한국소비자·광고심리학회[DOI]
- 양정혜, "장애인 전문 다큐멘터리가 재현하는 장애인 : KBS <사랑의 가족> 프로그램 서사 분석", 한국사회과학연구, 32(1), pp.437~466 (2013)
- 유동철, "장애인의 사회적 배제와 참여 - 장애인차별금지법 제정 과정을 중심으로 -", 한국사회복지학, 63(1), pp.217~239 (2011), 한국사회복지학회[DOI]
- 이승조, "호혜적", 공감적 소구 유형과 장애인 태도의 상호작용에 따른 돕기 메시지 수용 효과의 차이, 2016, pp.15(1), 139~169[DOI]
- 이승조, "돕기 메시지의 전달에서 이성적 소구의 활용을 위한 제언 호혜적", 공감적 소구의 대비를 중심으로, 2017, pp.13(1), 5~43[DOI]
- 이종화, "장애인의 기부와 자원봉사 행동에 관한 연구: 장애는나눔을 제약하는가?", 장애의 재해석, 1(1), pp.189~222 (2020)
- 전근배, "국가의 거리: 코로나19와 장애인의 삶, 그 현황과 대책", 비판사회정책, (68), pp.173~207 (2020), 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회[DOI]
- 제철웅, "장애인 인권 보호를 위한 입법적 과제", 법학연구, 44, pp.153~182 (2015), 부설법학연구소
- "2022 장애통계연보" (2022), 한국장애인개발원[URL]
- Adler, A. B., "Fundraising portrayals of people with disabilities : Donations and attitudes", Rehabilitation Psychology, 36(4), pp.231~240 (1991)
- Baberini, M., "Examining the effects of photographic attributes on sympathy, emotions, and donation behavior", Visual Communication Quarterly, 22(2), pp.118~128 (2015)
- Barker, D. C., "Humanitarianism, egalitarianism, and public support for political compromise", American Politics Research, 51(1), pp.91~107 (2023)
- Basil, D. Z., "Guilt and giving : A process model of empathy and efficacy", Psychology &Marketing, 25(1), pp.1~23 (2008)
- Batson, C. D., "The social neuroscience of empathy", pp.3~15 (2009), MIT Press
- Batson, C. D., "Empathy‐induced altruism in a prisoner's dilemma II: What if the target of empathy has defected?", European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), pp.25~36 (2001)
- Batson, C. D., "Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(2), pp.290~302 (1981)
- Batson, C. D., "An additional antecedent of empathic concern : Valuing the welfare of the person in need", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), pp.65~74 (2007)
- Bennett, R., "Individual characteristics and the arousal of mixed emotions : Consequences for the effectiveness of charity fundraising advertisements", International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 20(2), pp.188~209 (2015)
- Bierhoff, H. W., "Altruistic personality in the context of the empathy-altruism hypothesis", European Journal of Personality, 18(4), pp.351~365 (2004)
- Brunel, F. F., "Explaining gendered responses to "help-self" and "help-others" charity ad appeals: The mediating role of world-views", Journal of Advertising, 29(3), pp.15~28 (2000)
- Chang, C., "Guilt regulation : The relative effects of altruistic versus egoistic appeals for charity advertising", Journal of Advertising, 43(3), pp.211~227 (2014)
- Chang, C. T., "The 'I' of the beholder: How gender differences and self-referencing influence charity advertising", International Journal of Advertising, 30(3), pp.447~478 (2011)
- Chien, Y. H., "Effects of message framing and exemplars on promoting organ donation", Psychological Reports, 117(3), pp.692~702 (2015)
- Cialdini, R. B., "Empathy-based helping : Is it selflessly or selfishly motivated", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(4), pp.749~758 (1987)
- Eisenberg, N., "Empathy-related responding : Associations with prosocial behavior, aggression, and intergroup relations", Social Issues and Policy Review, 4(1), pp.143~180 (2010)
- Emmenegger, P., "Immigration and redistribution revisited : How different motivations can offset each other", Journal of European Social Policy, 23(4), pp.406~422 (2013)
- Erlandsson, A., "Emotional reactions, perceived impact and perceived responsibility mediate the identifiable victim effect, proportion dominance effect and in-group effect respectively", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 127, pp.1~14 (2015)
- Erlandsson, A., "Attitudes and donation behavior when reading positive and negative charity appeals", Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 30(4), pp.444~474 (2018)
- Feeley, T. H., "Reactions to narrative and statistical written messages promoting organ donation", Communication Reports, 19(2), pp.89~100 (2006)
- Feldman, S., "The humanitarian foundation of public support for social welfare", American Journal of Political Science, 45(3), pp.658~677 (2001)
- Ferguson, A. M., "When does empathy feel good?", Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 39, pp.125~129 (2021)
- Fisher, R. J., "An empathy-helping perspective on consumers' responses to fund-raising appeals", Journal of Consumer Research, 35(3), pp.519~531 (2008)
- Fleischer, D. Z., "The disability rights movement : From charity to confrontation" (2012), Temple University Press
- Fong, C. M., "Evidence from an experiment on charity to welfare recipients : Reciprocity, altruism and the empathic responsiveness hypothesis", The Economic Journal, 117(522), pp.1008~1024 (2007)
- Garrisi, D., "Competing narratives in framing disability in the UK media : A comparative analysis of journalistic representations of facial disfigurement versus practices of self-representations online", JOMEC Journal, 12, pp.128~144 (2018)
- Gomez, R., "Empathic humanitarianism : Understanding the motivations behind humanitarian work with migrants at the US–Mexico border", Journal on Migration and Human Security, 8(1), pp.1~13 (2020)
- Grigaliunaite, V., "Emotional or rational? The determination of the influence of advertising appeal on advertising effectiveness", Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 63(3), pp.391~414 (2016)
- Hamilton, W. D., "The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I", Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), pp.1~16 (1964)
- Kanter, A. S., "The development of disability rights under international law : From charity to human rights" (2015), Routledge
- Kopfman, J. E., "Affective and cognitive reactions to narrative versus statistical evidence organ donation messages", Journal of Applied Communication Research, 26(3), pp.279~300 (1998)
- Kurzban, R., "The evolution of altruism in humans", Annual Review of Psychology, 66, pp.575~599 (2015)
- Laqueur, T., "Humanitarianism and suffering:The mobilization of empathy", pp.31~57 (2009), Cambridge University Press
- Jeonghoon LEE, "The Effects of Construal Levels to Charity Retailing Communication", 유통과학연구, 19(8), pp.81~89 (2021), 한국유통과학회
- Lincoln, S., "The far side : Contrasting American and South Korean cultural contexts", Asian Social Science, 6(12), pp.97~100 (2010)
- Lindauer, M., "Comparing the effect of rational and emotional appeals on donation behavior", Judgment and Decision Making, 15(3), pp.413~420 (2020)
- Maier, S. R., "Compassion fatigue and the elusive quest for journalistic impact : A content and reader-metrics analysis assessing audience response", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(3), pp.700~722 (2015)
- Merchant, A., "Charitable organizations' storytelling influence on donors' emotions and intentions", Journal of Business Research, 63, pp.754~762 (2010)
- Miller, G. F., "Sexual selection for moral virtues", The Quarterly Review of Biology, 82, pp.97~125 (2007)
- Moriuchi, E., "Young Americans' ethnic identity toward disaster advertising: The effects of disaster location and message types", International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 23(1), pp.e1596~ (2018)
- Müller, D., "Fairness views and political preferences : Evidence from a large and heterogeneous sample", Social Choice and Welfare, 56(4), pp.679~711 (2021)
- Newman, G. E., "Tainted altruism : When doing some good is worse than doing no good at all", Psychological Science, 25, pp.648~655 (2014)
- Nowak, M. A., "Evolution of indirect reciprocity", Nature, 437(7063), pp.1291~1298 (2005)
- Okada, I., "A review of theoretical studies on indirect reciprocity", Games, 11(3), pp.27~ (2020)
- Orgad, S., "'Intimacy at a distance' in humanitarian communication", Media, Culture & Society, 36(7), pp.916~934 (2014)
- Pantoja, A., "Against the tide? Core American values and attitudes toward US immigration policy in the mid-1990s", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(3), pp.515~531 (2006)
- Park, J. H., "Persistent misunderstandings of inclusive fitness and kin selection : Their ubiquitous appearance in social psychology textbooks", Evolutionary Psychology, 5(4), pp.860~873 (2007)
- Phelps, E. A., "Emotion and decision making : Multiple modulatory neural circuits", Annual Review of Neuroscience, 37, pp.263~287 (2014)
- Ruiz, S., "The impact of cognitive and", or affective processing styles on consumer response to advertising appeals, 2004, pp.57(6), 657~664
- Schwartz, S. H., "Universalism values and the inclusiveness of our moral universe", Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 38(6), pp.711~728 (2007)
- Small, D. A., "Sympathy and callousness : The impact of deliberative thought on donations to identifiable and statistical victims", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(2), pp.143~153 (2007)
- So, J., "Counterproductive effects of overfamiliar antitobacco messages on smoking cessation intentions via message fatigue and resistance to persuasion", Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 36(8), pp.931~941 (2022)
- Trivers, R. L., "The evolution of reciprocal altruism", The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46(1), pp.35~57 (1971)
- Yan, C., "The effects of mood, message framing, and behavioral advocacy on persuasion", Journal of Communication, 60(2), pp.344~363 (2010)
- Zarantonello, L., "Functional and experiential routes to persuasion : An analysis of advertising in emerging versus developed markets", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(1), pp.46~56 (2013)
