인도의 상업적 대리모 연구
A Study on the Commercial Surrogacy in India
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이 논문은 지구적으로 확산되고 있는 대리모 시장의 거대구조 속에서, 대리모 여성의 실제 경험이 갖는 함의가 무엇인지를 탐색한다. 이를 위해 우선, 상업적 대리출산과 경제 논리로 매개된 지구적 재생산 위계구조가 제3세계 여성에 대한 몸의착취를 가져왔음을 비판해 온 페미니즘의 프레임을 통해, 인도의 상업적 대리모 증가의 요인과 현황을 살펴본다. 다음으로, 인도 대리모 여성들을 지구적 대리모 시장에서 행위자가 아닌 피해자로 위치시키는 서구식 식민주의적 관점을 지양하면서, 제3세계 여성 당사자의 경험을 민족지학적 관점으로 접근하여 가시화할 것을 제안한판데(Pande)의 연구를 검토한다. 마지막으로, 인도 현지의 대리모 여성들과 대리모시술 병원, 그리고 여성의 건강권을 중심으로 대리모의 법적 권리를 주장하고 있는인도 여성단체인 ‘사마(Sama)’ 활동가의 입장 등을 고려하면서, 가족에 대한 기존의개념과 질서, 관계에 균열을 낼 수 있는 대리모 수행의 가능한 의미들을 탐색한다.
Abstract
This study here is to seek implication of actual experiences of Indian surrogate women in the grand structure of increasingly globalized market for fertility industry. For this, we begin by examining the factors, and the current situations of growing market of Indian commercial surrogacy, from the framework of feminism which has criticized that hierarchical structure of global reproduction that is intertwined with commercial surrogacy and logic of economy, has led to exploit female bodies in the third world. Second, we are to review several researches of Amrita Pande, who challenged the westerncolonialism perspective that simply situates Indian surrogate women not as agents, but as victims in the global surrogate market, therefore proposed the feminist ethnographic approaches to capture third world women’s lived experiences. And finally, considering the each position of Indian surrogate women, Akanksha infertility clinic, Sama activists who advocate legal rights to protect surrogate women by focusing on the women’s health issue, on surrogacy, this study concludes with researching on conditions required for actualizing the possibility of surrogate performance to disrupt conventional concept, order, and relations of family.
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