“성차별은 없습니다만...”: IT 조직의 젠더 편향은 어떻게 지속되는가?
Merit-Based or Masked Bias? : Gendered Workplaces in IT
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이 연구는 남성 비중이 지배적인 IT 서비스업 소프트웨어 개발 직종의 작업조직 및 노동규범의 특성을 젠더적 관점에서 들여다보고, 조직 내 젠더 편향이 유지되는 메커니즘을 고찰했다. IT 대기업과 빅테크에 재직 중인 20~40대 프로그램 개발자 18명으로부 터 수집한 반구조화 인터뷰 자료를 MAXQDA를 활용해 분석한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. IT 직종에 팽배한 능력주의 규범을 통해 조직 내 젠더 편향을 정당화하는 인식과 실천이 존재한다. 이는 비능력주의적 관행과 교차하며 강화되고, 여성 역시 조직 내 능력주의 작동 논리를 내면화하고 이를 전시함으로써 직종 내 정체성에 자신을 동조화하는 경향을 보인다. 또한, 기술 융합과 같은 산업 전환 상황에서 한층 중요해진 ‘소프트 스킬’을 기존의 여성적 역량으로부터 탈젠더적 역량으로 재해석함으로써 젠더 질서를 유지하려는 의식적ᆞ무의식적 실천도 나타났다. 이 연구는 조직 내 강한 젠더 편향성이 기존 규범과 조직 관행의 재생산 및 재구성을 통해 유지되는 기제를 최근 산업 및 노동시장 변화 추세를 주도하는 IT 부문을 중심으로 살펴보았다는 데 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study examines the gendered aspects of work organization and labor practices in software development positions that are predominantly occupied by men in the IT services sector. It also explores the mechanisms by which gender bias is maintained in the industry. Key findings from the analysis of semi-structured interview data, acquired from 18 software programmers in their 20s and 40s working at IT conglomerates and Big Tech, using MAXQDA, reveal the phenomenon of ‘degendering,’ the practice of exploiting pervasive meritocratic norms to justify gender bias. Non-meritocratic practices intersect and reinforce this phenomenon, leading women to internalize and exhibit these norms as part of their professional identities. Moreover, there is a deliberate and subconscious effort to uphold gendered structures by redefining ‘soft skills,’ increasingly vital in the era of technological convergence, as degendered competencies rather than traditionally feminine attributes. The significance of this study is that it investigates how strong gender bias is maintained in organizations by reproducing and reconfiguring existing norms and practices in the IT sector, which has been at the forefront of recent changes in the labor market.
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