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상담에서 내현적 비언어 의사소통에 관한 고찰: 정신분석적 관점을 중심으로

A Study on Covert Non-verbal Communication in Counseling: Focused on a Psychoanalytic Perspective

오경미|박진희
한국심리치료학회 (Korean Association of Psychotherapy)|2018.10|한국심리치료학회지|제10권 제2호|pp. 1-28|DOI 10.22831/kap.2018.10.2.001

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참고문헌

키워드

신체화somatizationinternal working modelnon-verbal communication내적작동모델projective identification비언어의사소통내현적비언어의사소통투사적동일시covert nonverbal communication

초록

상담에서 내담자는 언어․비언어 요소를 모두 사용하여 메시지를 전달함에도 많은 경우 상담자는 내담자의 언어적 표현에 좀 더 주의를 기울여 왔다. 비언어 요소에 주목한 경우에도 관찰 가능한 외현적 비언어 요소만을 연구․활용하는 데 그쳤다. 이에 본 연구는 상담과정에서 상담자와 내담자의 내현적 비언어 의사소통의 중요성을 논하기 위해 정신분석적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 정신분석적 관점에서 신체화, 투사적 동일시, 내적 작동 모델 등의 개념을 통해 내담자가 무의식적인 수준에서 시도하는 의사소통을 소개하고 있다. 이 개념들의 공통된 특징은 한눈에 드러나지 않는 비언어적 심리적 작용을 통해 상담자에게 내담자 자신의 고통스러운 정서들을 전함으로써 도움을 요청하고 있다. 따라서 이들을 내현적 비언어 의사소통으로 범주화 하고, 내담자 자신의 적응을 위해 기능하고 있음을 이해하고 상담에서 작동되는 방식을 살펴보았다. 또한 기존의 연구들을 통해 내담자의 내현적 비언어 표현을 상담자가 알아차리고 반응하였을 때 비로소 치료적 의사소통이 되는 과정을 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 상담과정에서 상담자가 알아차려야 하는 내담자의 내현적 비언어 의사소통에는 어떤 것들이 있는지, 이것이 어떤 방식으로 상담에서 드러나며, 또 어떤 방식으로 치료적 개입을 할 수 있을지에 대한 시사점을 논의하였으며 향후 연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

Abstract

In counseling, the counselor has been paying more attention to verbal expression in many cases, even though the client uses both verbal and non-verbal elements to deliver the message. Even when attention was paid to non-verbal elements, only the observable overt non-verbal elements were studied and utilized. This study investigated convert non-verbal communication between the counselor and the client with a psychoanalytic perspective. The psychoanalytic theory that has been developed in various ways introduces the concepts of the attempt of the client to reveal himself at the unconscious level such as somatization, projective identification, inner working model. Their common feature is that they support the sense of connection and ask for help by conveying painful emotions to the counselor through non-verbal expressions that are difficult to observe. Therefore, this study categorizes this as covert non-verbal communication, and examined the processes in which somatization, projective identification, and internal working model exist and act for client’s adaptation. In addition, we examined the process of therapeutic communication when the counselor notice and respond to the covert non-verbal expression of the client through the existing studies. This study discussed implications of the client 's covert nonverbal expressions that the counselor should be aware of during counseling process, implications for what kind of counseling can be exposed and therapeutic intervention, and suggestions for future research.

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