특수유아를 위한 긍정적 행동지원 접근방법의 최근 동향 및 향후 과제
Current Status and Future Directions of Positive Behavior Supports for Young Children with Special Needs
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구에서는 국내외 문헌을 고찰하여 최근 특수유아들을 위한 기능평가를 바탕으로 한 긍정적행동지원 접근방법의 동향을 알아보고, 현장의 실제를 향상시킬 수 있는 향후 과제를 제언하는데 목적을 두었다. 고찰 결과, 기능평가에 의한 긍정적 행동지원은 단순히 문제행동을 교정하는데 목적을 두고 있는 것이 아닌, 문제행동의 구조와 기능을 이해하여 환경자극의 수정, 대체행동교수, 후속자극중심 중재, 생활방식 중재 등의 요소들을 모두 포함하는 중다 요소적인 중재의 계획과 실행이 중요하게 다루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 최근 특수유아들을 위한 긍정적 행동지원에서는 다양한 환경에서의 다차원적 접근이 적용되는 생태학적 접근과 가족중심의 서비스 지원, 예방 전략에 초점을 두고 있는 것으로 고찰되었다. 특수유아들을 위한 긍정적 행동지원의 현장 적용에 따른 실제의 향상을 위한 과제로, 본 연구에서는 개별화교육운영위원회의 역할과 기능의 확장 및 협력적 행동지원 서비스 제공을 위한 지역사회중심 서비스 지원체제의 개발과 위험 유아의 조기중재를 통한 문제의 예방, 가족 및 교사 교육을 포함한 지원 프로그램의 개발 및 보급에 대해 제언하였다.
Abstract
In this research, we conducted literature review to identify current research and applications in the area of functional assessment-based behavior support approaches for young children with disabilities who demonstrate problems and to suggest future directions for early intervention practices. The literature review revealed that effective behavioral intervention practices use functional assessment-based approach to understanding and intervening in a child's problem behavior. The positive behavior supports emphasize multi-element-based intervention that addresses function of problem behavior, environmental modification, prevention of problem behavior, replacement behavior instruction, response to problem behavior in ways that reduce the effectiveness of that behavior, and lifestyle-based intervention. The current approaches for young children with special needs focus on ecological approaches that are important to provide comprehensive services to children and their families. The development of family-professional partnership is emphasized in the process of functional assessment and in the development and implementation of behavior support plans. It was also found that supporting children who are at-risk for behavior disorders to prevent future problems is emphasized. This study suggests that the central government and local education agency should expend roles and functions of individualized education program team, develope community-based service system, early identification and intervention services for at-risk children, development and implementation of family and teacher support programs so that families and professionals jointly develop and implement positive behavior support programs.
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