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최소 제한적 환경의 개념 진전과 그 함의 재고

The Evolution of Concept of the Least Restrictive Environment and Rethinking of its Implication

정동영
한국특수교육문제연구소 (Research Institute of the Korea Special Education)|2007.12|특수교육저널:이론과 실천 (Journal of Special Education: Theory and Practice)|제8권 제4호|pp. 337-363

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특수교육통합교육Special EducationInclusive Education.최소 제한적 환경장애학생 배치Least Restrictive EnvironmentPlacement of Students with Disabilities
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 최소 제한적 환경의 개념에 대한 논쟁을 통하여 이 개념이 어떻게 진전하고 있으며, 그 진전이 장애학생의 배치 결정에 어떤 함의를 주는지를 재고하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구는 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 최소 제한적 환경의 개념에 대한 학문적사법적 논쟁을 통하여 진전된 내용을 탐색하고, 그 함의를 재고하는 것을 연구구문제로 선정하고, 문헌연구를 통하여 문제를 해결하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 최소 제한적 환경의 개념은 학문적 논쟁에 따라 처음에 물리적 접근을 강조하던 개념에서 최근 사회적 관계와 사회문화적 맥락을 강조하는 개념으로 진전하였다. 둘째, 최소 제한적 환경의 개념은 사법적 논쟁에 따라 처음에 장애학생의 교육적 이익을 강조하던 개념에서 최근 장애학생과 일반학생 모두의 교육적 이익을 강조하는 개념으로 진전하였다. 따라서 현재 최소 제한적 환경의 개념은 장애학생의 배치를 장애학생의 교육적 이익과 일반학생의 교육적 이익을 모두 고려하여 결정하되, 이들의 사회적 관계와 사회문화적 맥락을 고려하여 결정해야 한다고 요구하는 개념이라 할 수 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to inquire out how the concept of the least restrictive environment is evolved and what the evolution implies on determination for placement of students with disabilities throughout debates. To achieve this purpose, this study take reviewing the evolved contents through academic and judical debates about the least restrictive environment and inquiring its implication as its consideration. The results from this study appeared as follows;First, the concept of the least restrictive environment evolved from the concept which was emphasizing physical access to the concept which is emphasizing transformation of the social relationship and social-cultural context according to academic debates.Second, the concept of the least restrictive environment evolved from the concept which was emphasizing educational benefits of students with disabilities only to the concept which is emphasizing educational benefits of both students with and without disabilities according to judical debates.As stated above, the concept of the least restrictive environment reflect not only physical environment but also social relation and social-cultural context through debates. Therefore, the current concept of the least restrictive environment requires that the placement of students with disabilities should consider their peers' educational benefits as well as their educational benefits and social relationship and social-cultural context should be transformed.

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