시각장애인과 정안인 간의 거리판단 능력에 관한 비교연구
A Comparative Study on Distance Judgements from a Tactile Map Between the Visual Impaired and the Sighted
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
환경에서 거리를 판단하는 것은 시각장애인에게 중요한 보행기술이다. 이 연구는 시각장애인과 정안인 간의 촉지도의 축적거리로부터 환경에서의 실제거리를 판단하는 능력의 차이를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 기준거리에 대한 추정거리의 비율 증감에 따라 두 집단이 추정한 거리와 환경에서의 실제거리 간의 오차거리를 절대값과 부호값의 두 가지 형태로 산출하여 거리추정의 정확성과 경향성을 확인하였다. 연구결과, 추정의 정확성에 있어서는 전반적으로 정안인 집단이 시각장애인 집단보다 유의하게 높은 정확도를 보였다. 그리고 추정의 경향성에 있어서 시각장애인 집단이 기준거리 보다 짧은 거리에서는 더 길게, 기준거리보다 긴 거리에서는 더 짧게 추정하는 경향을 보인 반면에 정안인 집단은 비율 증감에 상관없이 더 길게 추정하는 경향성을 유지하였다. 따라서 향후 시각장애인의 거리판단 능력을 향상시키기 위해 촉지도 사용전략의 개발과 조기부터의 체계적인 훈련이 요구된다.
Abstract
Estimating the distance between places when walking through an environment is an important skill for people with visual impairments. Tactile maps can provide useful information about the distance between places in unfamiliar environments, but the distances on the map need to be scaled to estimate distances in the real environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate this skill. There were thirty participants aged 21 to 39 years in experiment: 10 people who were visual impaired and twenty who were normal sighted. They were given a map and asked to place an object along a path in a position which corresponded to that object's position on the map. The findings of this study confirmed that the visual impaired performed less well than the sighted, relating to the accuracy of estimating distance. For the tendency of estimating distance, the visual impaired tended to estimate both more shorter or more longer as increasing ratio distances, but the sighted tended to estimate more longer continuously.
참고문헌 (26)
- 이태훈, "시각장애대학생과 정안대학생의 위치판단 및 기억재생 능력에 관한 비교 연구", 시각장애연구, 24(3), pp.45~63 (2008), 한국시각장애교육&재활학회
- Bentzen, B. L., "Orientation maps for visually impaired people", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 71, pp.193~196 (1977)
- Byrne, R. W., "Distances and directions in the cognitive maps of the blind", Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, pp.293~299 (1983)
- Dacen-Nagel, D. L., "Tactual mobility maps: A comparative study", Cartographica, 27, pp.47~63 (1990)
- Espinosa, M. A., "Comparing methods for introducing blind and visually impaired people to unfamiliar urban environments", Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, pp.277~287 (1998)
- Fletcher, J. F., "Spatial representation in blind children: development compared to sighted children", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 74, pp.318~385 (1980)
- Golledge, R. G., "Tactual strip maps as navigational aids", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 85, pp.296~301 (1991)
- Golledge, R. G., "Geography and the disabled: a survey with special reference to vision impaired and blind populations", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 18, pp.63~85 (1993)
- Herman, J. F., "Constructing cognitive maps from partial information: a demonstration study with congenitally blind subjects", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 77, pp.195~198 (1983)
- Hermelin, B., "Location and distance estimates by blind and sighted children", International Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27, pp.295~301 (1975)
- Horsfall, R. B., "Tactual maps: Discriminability of shapes and textures", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 75, pp.363~367 (1981)
- Juurmaa, J., "Transposition in mental spatial manipulation: a theoretical analysis", American Foundation for the Blind Research Bulletin, 26, pp.87~134 (1973)
- Kulhavy, R. W., "How geographic maps ncrease recall of instructional text", Educational Technology Research and Development, 41, pp.47~62 (1993)
- Millar, S., "Self-referent and movement cues in coding location by blind and sighted children", Perception, 10, pp.255~264 (1981)
- Montello, D. R., "The measurement of cognitive distance: methods and construct validity", Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11, pp.101~122 (1991)
- Ochaíta, E., "Spatial representation by persons who are blind: A study of the effects of learning and development", Journal of Visual Impairment, 87, pp.37~41 (1993)
- Paivio, "Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach" (1986), Oxford University Press
- Rieser, J. J., "The role of visual experience in knowledge of spatial layout", Perception and Psychophysics, 28, pp.185~190 (1980)
- Sadella, E. K., "The perception of traversed distance", Environment and Behavior, 12, pp.65~79 (1980)
- Ungar, S., "Cognitive Mapping without Visual Experience in:Cognitive Mapping: Past, Present and Future" (2000), Routledge
- Ungar, S., "The construction of cognitive maps by children with visual impairments in:The Construction of Cognitive Maps", pp.247~273 (1996), Kluver Academic Publishers
- Ungar, S., "Teaching visually impaired children to make distance judgements from a tactile map", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 91, pp.221~233 (1997)
- Ungar, S., "The construction of cognitive maps by children with visual impairments in:The construction of cognitive maps", Kluwer Academic Press
- Ungar, S., "Visually impaired children's strategies for memorizing a map", British Journal of Visual Impairment, 13, pp.27~32 (1995)
- Ungar, S., "Can visually impaired children use tactile maps to estimate directions?", Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 88, pp.221~233 (1994)
- Yngström, A., "The tactile map: The surrounding world in miniature in:Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Maps and Graphics for Visually Handicapped People" (1988), Nottingham University