지적 장애아를 양육하는 가족이 경험하는 스트레스와 대처: 양육효능감의 역할을 중심으로(미국의 다문화 맥락의 사례를 바탕으로)
Stress and Coping in Families of Children with an Intellectual Disability: The Role of Parenting Self-Efficacy (In the Multi-Cultural Context of the United States)
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초록
본 연구는 가족의 스트레스와 그에 대한 대처를 이론화한 double-ABCX 모델을 바탕으로 지적 장애아를 둔 미국의 부모가 일상에서 경험하는 스트레스를 이해하고, 이들이 자신의 삶의 질을 증진시킬 수 있도록 돕는 심리적 자원으로서 부모의 양육효능감이 어떠한 역할을 하는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 미국의 179명의 지적 장애아의 부모를 대상으로 그들의 가장 큰 스트레스 요소라 할 수 있는 장애 자녀의 기능에 대한 평가와, 성공적인 대처를 통한 긍정적 경험을 나타내는 가족의 삶의 질, 그리고 양육효능감을 인터뷰를 통해 알아보았다. 그 결과를 살펴보면, 자녀의 장애의 정도가 부모의 삶의 질에 유의미하게 부정적으로 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 오히려, 부모의 양육효능감은 다른 인적 자원을 통제한 후에도 지적 장애아를 양육하는 부모의 삶의 질 향상에 긍정적으로 기여하였다. 그러나, 부모의 양육효능감은 자녀의 장애의 정도와 삶의 질 간의 부정적인 관계의 정도를 중재하진 않았다. 미국의 다문화 맥락의 사례를 통해 살펴본 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 다양한 민족들의 이주가 증가함에 따라 다문화의 성격을 띠어가는 한국 사회에서의 지적 장애아 부모의 지원방안 모색에 관한 시사점이 논의되었다.
Abstract
Based on double- ABCX model theorizing the stress and its related adaptive reactions, this study tried to understand the stress of American parents who have children with an intellectual disability and to identify the implications to support Korean parents who are taking care of their children with an intellectual disability, by examining the role of parenting self-efficacy as a psychological resource which could increase their quality of life. For this, children’s disability level (considered as the biggest stressor), quality of life (representing positive reaction to the stressors), and parenting self-efficacy were examined with 179 American parents of children with an intellectual disability. Study results showed that child’s disability level did not significantly negatively affect the family quality of life. But parenting self-efficacy positively contributed to their parents’ perceived family quality of life, controlling for other parents’ resource variables. Opposed to the hypothesis, parenting self-efficacy was identified to give direct effects rather than moderate the degree of negative relation between children’s disability level and family quality of life. Results of this study are important in the aspects to emphasize the importance of parents’ psychological resource, such as parenting self-efficacy, in helping family members to raise the power of internal psychology in the multi-cultural context of US. This finding implies that it would be also important to consider parents’ psychological resource, such as parenting self-efficacy in Korea.
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