몽골인 한국어 학습자를 위한 현대몽골어와 한국어의 피동 대조 연구

Abstract

This study examines the types, composition, meaning, and function of the passive form(被動) of the modern-day Mongolian language, and analyzes it by comparing with the passive form of the Korean language. The findings of the research are as follows: The passive form of the contemporary Mongolian language and Korean language indicates the activity that is performed, but not the performer of the activity. Both languages have similar features in that the active forms of sentences are composed of endings of words, such as “-д/т” (Mongolian), “-ege[-에게]”(to whom-), “-e euhaeseo[-에 의해서]”(by whom) (Korean). The passive forms of contemporary Mongolian and Korean languages are generally similar in terms of usage. Particularly, the object of active sentences become a subject, and the subject of active sentences changes into an adverb of passive sentences. The object of active sentences becomes the subject of passive sentences, combined with a subjective proposition “-yi/ga[-이/가]”(Korean), “∅”(Mongolian), and the subject of passive sentences becomes an adverb, combined with “-ege[-에게]”(to whom-), “-e euhaeseo[-에 의해서]”(by whom) (Korean), and “-д/т” (Mongolian). The Korean language’s passive form can be relatively categorized into three kinds: (1) “language passive form” — here the passive forms of sentences are formed by using words like “doeda[되다]” and “danghada [당하다]”. (2) “derivative passive form” — here the passive forms of sentences are formed by adding a derivative ending of a word, such as “-yi-[-이-],” “-hi-[-히-],” “-ri-[-리-],” and “-gi-[-기-]” to the end of a verb. Additionally, the object changes into a subject and the subject into a verb like “-ege[-에게],” and “-e euhaeseo[-에 의해서]”. (3) “syntactic passive form” — the passive sentences are formed by adding syntactic compositional forms, such as “-ah/eo jida[-아/어 지다]” and “-ge doeda[- 게 되다]” to the end of a verb. Meanwhile, the passive sentences of modern-day Mongolian language are in general derivative passive form, which expresses passivity by connecting passive affixes like “-гд,” “-д,” and “-т” to a word stem. Therefore, the Mongolian language differs from the Korean language in that it is not that diverse.