상호보험에 관한 이론적 고찰
Mutual Insurance: A Theoretical Investigation
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초록
본 연구는 상대적으로 경시되고 있는 상호보험의 특성과 장점을 협조적 게임이론(cooperative game theory)과 거래비용이론(transaction cost theory)을 원용하여 고찰하였다. 우선 협조적 게임이론을 활용하여 상호보험도 손실의 균등분담만 하는 것이 아니라 참여자의 리스크에 따라 리스크분담이 달라질 수 있으며 시장보험보다 상대적으로 적은 정보로 파레토효율적 리스크배분을 이룰 수 있는 장치임을 보였다. 또한 상호보험의 참여와 효율성이 대수의 법칙이 아니라 Network효과에 의해 지지되고 있음을 보였다. 시장보험과 닮은 상호보험회사나 선납보험료는 효율적 리스크분산 또는 전가와 같은 기술적 필요성에 의해서가 아니라 거래비용을 절감하려는 제도적 적응의 결과임을 주장함으로써 그동안 시장보험을 중심으로 해석되어 오던 보험료, 보험가능성의 해석에 수정이 필요하며 상호보험의 장점을 고려해 볼 때 우리나라의 시장도 상호보험을 도입하여 활성화할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This study attempts to show that mutual insurance is as efficient risk sharing device as and require less information than market insurance sold by stock insurance companies using cooperative game theory. Also it is shown that participation in mutual insurance and efficiency of mutual insurance is supported not by the law of large numbers as in market insurance but by the network effect. It has also been claimed that prepaid insurance premium which are common practice both in mutual and market insurance are in fact the result of institutional adaptation to reduce transaction costs rather than technical necessity to share and diversify risk efficiently. Finally the study concludes that mutual insurance should be reintroduced in Korea in its own merit.
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