동물매개놀이치료가 위험회피 기질을 가진 아동의 불안에 미치는 영향: 아동과 치료도우미견의 역동을 중심으로
The Effects of Animal Assisted Play Therapy on Anxiety in a Child with Harm Avoidance: Focused on the Dynamics Between a Child and a Therapy Dog
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 위험회피 기질을 가진 아동이 회피행동 경향성을 제어하지 못하고 불안을 발달시키게 되는 기제를 파악하고 동물매개놀이치료가 그 기제에 어떻게 긍정적 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 위험회피 기질을 가진 아동이 사회적 지지가 부족한 환경을 경험할 때 위협자극-반응과 관련된 부정적 기억을 축적하고 자동적 회피가 나타나면서 불안 발달에 취약해지는 것을 도출하였다. 그 다음 동물매개놀이치료에서 아동과 치료도우미견의 역동이 위험회피 기질을 가진 아동에게 긍정적 기억 축적과 자동적 회피 조절에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 사례연구방법의 패턴매칭 논리 방법에 따라 분석하였다. 연구결과 동물매개놀이치료에서 아동과 치료도우미견의 역동은 위험회피 기질을 가진 아동의 불안에 ‘자동적 회피와 새로운 경험 학습 과정’과 ‘긍정적 기억의 강화와 회피의 조절 과정’으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 의의는 동물매개놀이치료에서 아동과 치료도우미견의 역동 분석을 통해 위험회피 기질을 가진 아동의 회피행동 경향성 제어에 변화를 줄 수 있는 치료적 의미를 발견하였다는 것이다.
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the mechanism to develop anxiety for a child with harm avoidance and how animal assisted play therapy affects the mechanism positively. First of all, the pattern was drawn for a child with harm avoidance to be vulnerable to develop anxiety. It is explained that when a child with harm avoidance was placed in a lack of support, the child became vulnerable to develop anxiety because of negative memories related to threat stimuli-respond and automatic avoidance. Next, the study examined how animal assisted play therapy influences for a child with harm avoidance to accumulate positive memories and control automatic avoidance through the case study method. As a result, experiential processes were derived from the analysis of dynamics between a child and a therapy dog; ‘the process of automatic avoidance and new experiential learning’ and ‘the process of reinforcing positive memories and controling avoidance’. Based on the findings, the authors discussed the therapeutic meanings of animal assisted play therapy which is to encourage a child with harm avoidance to control a tendency to avoid.
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