초등학생의 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 잠재유형 분류와 심리사회 적응능력의 차이 및 양육행동의 예측효과 탐색
Classification of Latent Types of Elementary Student's Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration, and Exploration of Differences in Psychological Social Adaptation Abilities and the Predictive Effect of Parenting Behavior
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초록
본 연구는 초등학교 5학년∼6학년 아동을 대상으로 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 잠재집단을 분류하고, 잠재집단에 따른 아동의 삶의 만족, 학교만족도, 우울, 공격성의 차이와 잠재집단 분류의 영향을 미치는 부모의 양육행동을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 전라북도에 재학 중인 초등 5학년∼6학년 아동 310명이며, SPSS 25.0과 MPLUS 8.0 프로그램을 활용하여 잠재프로파일 분석, F검증, 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 잠재집단은 3개이며, 집단 특성에 따라 ‘만족 집단’, ‘관계성 좌절 집단’, ‘좌절 집단’으로 명명하였다. 둘째, 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 잠재집단에 따라 삶의 만족, 학교만족도, 우울, 공격성에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 삶의 만족과 학교만족도는 ‘만족 집단’이 가장 높은 수준으로 나타났으며, 우울과 공격성은 ‘좌절 집단’이 가장 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 셋째, 잠재집단에 대한 양육행동의 예측효과를 살펴본 결과 부모가 긍정적인 양육을 보일수록 기본심리욕구 ‘만족 집단’에 속할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 아동의 기본심리욕구가 좌절되지 않고 만족될 수 있는 개입방안에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to classify latent groups of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration in elementary school children in 5th and 6th grades, and to explore the differences in children's life satisfaction, school satisfaction, depression, and aggression according to these latent groups, as well as to investigate the parenting behaviors that influence the classification of latent groups. The study included 310 elementary school children in Jeollabuk-do, and latent profile analysis, F-tests, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 and MPLUS 8.0 programs. The results of the study are as follows. First, there are three latent groups of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, which were named ‘satisfaction group’, ‘relatedness frustration group’, and ‘frustration group’ based on group characteristics. Second, there were differences in life satisfaction, school satisfaction, depression, and aggression according to the latent groups of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. Life satisfaction and school satisfaction were highest in the ‘satisfaction group’ while depression and aggression were highest in the ‘frustration group’. Third, when examining the predictive effects of parenting behavior on latent groups, it was found that the likelihood of belonging to the group with high levels of basic psychological needs satisfaction was higher when parents exhibited positive parenting behaviors. Based on these research results, discussions were conducted regarding interventions to ensure that children's basic psychological needs are satisfied without experiencing frustration.
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