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기분장애 및 불안장애를 동반한 지적장애인의 중재에 대한 국외 연구 동향 고찰

A Review of International Research Trends on Interventions for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities Accompanied Mood and Anxiety Disorders

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지적장애인의 상당수는 기분장애 및 불안장애와 같은 정서적 어려움을 경험한다. 기분장애 및 불안장애는 개인 삶의 전반에 걸쳐 영향을 미침에 따라 이에 대한 적절한 중재가 중요하며, 지적장애인은 그 특성에 부합한 지원이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기분장애 및 불안장애를 동반한 지적장애인의 중재 연구를 분석함으로써 중재 특성을 알아보고 앞으로의 교육 현장을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 논문 선정 기준에 따라 총 27편의 국외 중재 연구가 선정되었으며, 연구의 개괄 분석 및 중재 내용에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. 중재는 2006년부터 심리학 분야에서 주로 시행되었고, 영국과 네덜란드와 같은 유럽 국가에서 주로 이루어지고 있었다. 대부분 성인 지적장애인을 대상으로 하였으며, 지적 능력은 경계선급 지적 기능성에서 중등도 지적 능력을 포함하였다. 기분장애 및 불안장애와 관련된 정신과적 진단 특성은 불안, 우울, 양극성, 외상 후 스트레스장애, 정신병적 장애로 확인되었다. 구체적인 중재의 내용은 인지행동치료 및 관련 중재가 높은 빈도로 제시되었으며, 외상 후 스트레스 장애를 위한 안구운동 민감소실 및 재처리 기법이 높은 빈도로 확인되었다. 종속변인은 대부분 우울, 불안, PTSD 증상의 감소였으며, 이를 위하여 지적장애인을 위해 수정된 척도들이 사용되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 토대로 기분장애 및 불안장애를 동반한 지적장애인 대상 중재 연구의 교육 현장에 대한 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

A significant number of individuals with intellectual disabilities experience emotional difficulties, such as mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Appropriate interventions are crucial, as mood and anxiety disorders affect various aspects of an individual's life, and individuals with intellectual disabilities require support tailored to their specific needs. This study aims to analyze intervention studies for individuals with intellectual disabilities accompanied by mood and anxiety disorders, to identify the characteristics of these interventions, and to suggest implications for future educational practice. According to the selection criteria, a total of 27 international intervention studies were selected, and an overview analysis and analysis of the intervention contents were conducted. Interventions have primarily been implemented in the field of psychology since 2006, mainly in European countries such as the UK and the Netherlands. Most of the studies targeted adults with intellectual disabilities, including those with borderline intellectual functioning to moderate intellectual disability. The psychiatric diagnoses related to mood and anxiety disorders included anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and psychotic disorders. Specific intervention contents frequently presented included cognitive behavioral therapy and related interventions, with EMDR therapy frequently identified for PTSD. Dependent variables were mostly the reduction of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, with scales modified for individuals with intellectual disabilities being used. Based on the results of this study, implications for educational practice regarding intervention studies for individuals with intellectual disabilities accompanied by mood and anxiety disorders were discussed.

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