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성범죄자 치료프로그램의 주요원칙과 방향정립을 위한 이론적 고찰

A Theoretical Examination of Sex Offender Treatment Program to Establish its Main Principles and Directions in Korea

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 성범죄자를 대상으로 하는 치료프로그램의 주요원칙과 방향을 정립하고자 성범죄자 치료프로그램의 이론적 모델과 구성 내용 및 치료 과정을 종합적으로 개관하였다. 성범죄자 치료프로그램은 심리학적 역사와 궤적을 같이 하여서, 초기에 행동치료적 접근을 바탕으로 형성되기 시작하였고 이후 1980년대 재발방지모델이 등장하면서 본격적으로 발전하였다. 이후 위험성, 욕구, 반응성 이론을 바탕으로 오늘날의 인지행동치료의 기본적 토대가 형성되었으며, 최근에는 Good Lives Model: GLM 등이 등장하여 성범죄자의 결함보다는 장점을 강화하는 방향으로 치료접근이 이뤄지고 있다. 성범죄자 치료의 구성내용은 인지적 왜곡 수정, 피해자에 대한 공감능력 신장, 성적 일탈성 수정, 사회-정서적 기능 향상, 재발방지 능력 향상 등이 주를 이루며, 오늘날에는 치료자 특성, 치료접근 방법 및 분위기, 내담자 특성과 같은 치료 과정상의 문제가 치료의 효과성 향상을 위한 중요 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 국내 성범죄자 치료프로그램의 발전을 위해서는 성범죄자의 위험성과 반응성을 더욱 고려할 필요가 있으며, 특히 고위험군에게는 보다 강도 높은 프로그램이 투여될 필요가 있다. 또한 GLM에서 주창하듯이 성범죄자의 동기를 강화하기 위한 예비 프로그램을 실시한다면 이후 시행되는 치료프로그램의 효과를 더욱 높일 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

Abstract

This study reviewed theoretical models of sex offender treatment program and its treatment components as well as significant factors that might affect therapy process. The purpose of theoretical review was to establish main principles and directions through which the Korean sex offender treatment programs can be improved and advanced. We reviewed the three main theoretical models for treating sex offenders: Relapse Prevention Model; Risk, Needs, Responsivity Model; Good Lives Model. Then we reviewed treatment components of sex offender group therapy, which was decreasing cognitive distortions and deviant sexual arousal that sex offenders have and increasing their victim empathy and socio-affective functioning and enforcing relapse prevention. Regarding the factors that affect therapy process we addressed characteristics of therapist and client, and therapeutic climate and approach. Lastly, based on the review made here, we derived two major principles that Korean sex offender treatment programs should pay attention to: considering Risk and Responsivity in administering sex offender treatment program; enforcing the motivation of sex offenders to participate in therapy and emphasizing the strength of sex offenders rather than their deficits.

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