한국형 그릿 척도(The Korean Version of GRIT: K-GRIT) 개발 및 타당화: 측정학적 문제와 개념적 본질을 중심으로
Development and Validation of The Korean Version of Grit Scale(K-GRIT)
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본 연구는 그릿 원척도(GRIT-O)와 간편 척도(GRIT-S)에 대하여 그간 지적되어 온 측정학적 및 정의적 문제점을 고려하여 그릿의 개념적 정의에 더욱 충실하면서도 한국의 문화적 토양에서 사용 가능한 척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구1에서는 GRIT-O의 주요한 문제점으로 지적되어온 요인 구조를 재확인하기 위하여 모든 문항을 정코딩 방식으로 수정한 후 확인적 요인분석(CFA)을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 문항의 서술 방향을 모두 긍정으로 통일한 뒤에도 안정적인 2요인 구조를 유지하며 오히려 더 나은 적합도를 보임을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 연구2에서는 긍정문으로 서술된 GRIT-O 12문항과 더불어 열정 구인의 정의적 특성에 부합하는 14개의 문항을 새롭게 추가하여 총 26개의 예비문항을 구성하였다. 국내 대학생을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 모아진 자료는 두 집단으로 무선할당하여 요인분석을 진행하였다. 탐색적 요인분석(EFA) 결과, 20문항으로 이루어진 3개 요인을 확인하였다. 1요인(‘노력-지속성’)은 역경에도 불구하고 장기목표에 대한 관심과 노력을 지속하는 특성을, 2요인(‘열정-즐거움’)은 선택한 목표에 대한 흥미와 즐거움의 정도를, 3요인(‘열정-의미’)은 열정의 근원으로 작용할 수 있는 선택한 목표에 대한 가치나 의미발견의 정도를 측정하는 문항들로 구성되었다. 이후 확인적 요인분석(CFA)을 통해 3요인으로 구성된 그릿 척도의 적합도를 확인하였다. 나아가 새로운 척도의 수렴타당도, 변별타당도, 증분타당도를 검증하였다. 또한, 그릿과 성실성, 마인드셋, 정신적 안녕감, 삶의 만족도 및 학업성취와의 관계구조모형을 분석하는 법칙적 망조직을 구성하여 구인타당도를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to develop and validate the Korean Version of Grit Scale(K-GRIT), making up for the issues of factor structure and definition of Grit in the original scale(GRIT-O). In study 1 for the statistical issue, negative statements of GRIT-O were changed positively and then confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The results demonstrated that two-factor model of the scale fit better than one-factor model as in GRIT-O. Moreover the enhanced version of the scale with positively changed items showed better fit than the original one. In study 2, 26 preliminary items were developed which consist of 12 items of GRIT-O and 14 new items that describe how the specific long-term goal is meaningful and enjoyable for oneself. As a result of exploratory factor analysis of the data of 278 college students, 20 items were finally chosen and three factors of ‘effort-persistence’, ‘passion-meaning’, ‘passion-enthusiasm’ were identified. The result of confirmatory factor analysis using the other data of 278 students showed that the three factor model fit was fair. The results of validity analysis and nomological network consisted of grit, conscientiousness, growth mindset, mental wellbeing, life satisfaction and academic achievement suggest that K-GRIT would be a reliable scale for measuring grit. The implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
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