성화 진작을 위한 칼빈의 신학적 진보
Calvin’s Theological Progress for Enhancing Sanctification
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종교개혁의 젊은 세대인 칼빈은 루터로 시작된 개신교회의 성화부진 문제를 보았다. 이 문제의 보완을 위해 칼빈은 자신의 제네바 사역에서 치리를 강조 했을 뿐만 아니라, 신학적 보완작업을 했다. 그 신학작업은 두 가지 분야에 서 이루어졌음을 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 루터는 이신칭의 보호를 위해 율법과 복 음의 관계를 날카롭게 구별했으나, 칼빈은 율법과 복음의 긴밀한 관계를 강 조하며 이신칭의는 반드시 선행을 낳게 함을 주장했다. 둘째, 루터의 이신칭 의 강조는 성화가 칭의 다음이라는 분위기로 이어지는 어려움이 있었으나, 칼빈은 칭의와 성화가 그리스도와의 연합의 공통 근거 위에 항상 함께 함을 가르치며 성화가 칭의에 반드시 따라 나옴을 보여주었다.
Abstract
Martin Luther’s heroic doctrine of ‘justification by faith alone’ against the errors of the Medieval Roman Church was not without challenge and difficulty. The doctrine triggered not only the expected antithesis from the Roman Catholic Church, but also challenges from the Protestant camps, mainly due to the concern for the Christian holy life. Worst of all, the lack of sanctified life seemed to be true to many Protestants, which remained to be the headache for Luther himself. However, to Martin Luther, ‘justification by faith alone’ was not something to be compromised. Luther tried to complement justification with emphasis on sanctification in different ways, yet it did not seem to bear much fruit. The task fell on the next generation Reformer, John Calvin. The second generation Reformer, John Calvin saw the problem and tried to improve the life of the Christians not only in the Protestant church ministry as was shown in Geneva, but in his effort to find the ways to do so in his theology. This paper concentrates on Calvin’s theological efforts to enhance sanctification in terms of its comparison with Luther’s. For the establishment of justification Luther made clear the distinction between law and gospel and excluded law and works from justification at all. Despite acknowledging the distinction between justification and sanctification in common effort with Luther against the Roman Church, Calvin maintained the intimate relation and mutual interconnection between law and gospel in justification, and very cautiously included law and works in justification. Calvin saw their role in justification while maintaining the doctrine of ‘justification by faith alone.’ Despite the distinction made between justification and sanctification, Luther tried to emphasize the intimate relationship between them, in order to enhance sanctification. To Luther it was ‘faith’ which was the key to bind the two. Nevertheless, the logical priority of justification over sanctification did not seem to go away. Sanctification seemed to remain always second in order. While accepting Luther’s approach to bind justification and sanctification, Calvin proposed ‘the union with Christ’ as the basis for justification and sanctification, thereby binding the two on the common root. The scheme also provided the notion of simultaneity of justification and sanctification, which enhanced the level of intensity and thereby importance on sanctification.
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