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한국 자동차 부품업체 중국 현지법인의 전략적 역할 유형 구분

A Typology of Strategic Roles of Korean Automotive Part Suppliers in China

이승규|오중산|김경태
한국생산관리학회 (The Korean Production And Operations Management Society)|2011.03|한국생산관리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Production and Operations Management Society)|제22권 제1호|pp. 39-67|DOI 10.21131/kopoms.22.1.201103.39

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참고문헌

키워드

군집분석중국역량Cluster analysisChina전략적 역할현지법인Local subsidiariesStrategic roleCapability
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 군집분석을 통해 국내 자동차 부품업체 중국 현지법인들을 전략적 역할에 따라 여러 가지 유형으로 구분하고, 유형들 간의 역량 차이를 비교 분석하며, 시간이 지남에 따라 전략적 역할이 어떻게 변화하는 지를 규명하는 것이다. 선행연구와 비교하여 본 연구는 다음과 같은 세 가지 주요한 특징을 갖고 있다. 첫째, 본 연구는 완성차 업체를 중심으로 진행된 기존 연구들과 달리 부품업체 관점에서 현지법인의 역할을 분석하였다. 이 과정에서 기존 이론에서 고려하지 못하였던 주고객사와 동반 진출한 업체들의 전략적 역할을 분석틀에 반영하였다. 둘째, 선행연구들과 달리 현지법인 전체가 아닌 현지법인 기능 부문들을 기준으로 역량을 평가하였다. 셋째, 현지법인의 전략적 역할 변화과정을 과거시점부터 현재를 거쳐 미래전망까지 동태적으로 고찰하였다. 또한 전략적 유형별로 기능부문별 역량수준이 초기에 비해 어떻게 변하였는지 검토하였다. 현지법인의 고객별 판매 비중을 독립변수로 고려하여 실시한 군집분석 결과, 현지법인의 전략적 역할은 현지시장 개척형·수출 주도형·주고객사 대응형과 같은 세 가지 유형으로 구분되었으며, 이러한 유형은 시간이 지나면서 조금씩 변한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한 진출초기와 달리, 시간이 지나면서 서로 다른 전략적 유형들 간에 일부 역량의 수준 차이가 발생하고 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 현지법인들은 진출 초기에 비해 시간이 지나면서 역량이 더 높은 수준으로 발전했음을 알 수 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize the different types of local subsidiaries of Korean automotive part suppliers in China based on their strategic role. This study also examines the changing process of the strategic role and conducts the comparative analysis on the level of the functional capabilities among the classified groups of local subsidiaries. Three important features of this study are as follows. First, the analysis was conducted from the perspectives of part suppliers, not of the car makers. Accordingly, we first needed to provide proper theoretical rationale for the cluster analysis by analyzing and supplementing the outcomes and limitations of existing theories. Especially, we tried to capture the clientfollowing feature of part suppliers based on the close relationship between buyer and supplier in automotive industry. Second, while most extant studies analyzed the capabilities of local subsidiaries at an whole subsidiary-level, this study adopted the functional capabilities as an analytical unit in order to conduct more systematic and accurate evaluation of the capabilities level. Third, in order to examine the evolutionary aspect of the strategic role, we conducted cluster analysis at three different points of time (the early, present, and future). Using variable of the percentage sales to various customers, our study, first, identified three distinct clusters of local subsidiaries: local market-seeking, offshoring, and followed-client responding. We also found that the strategic role of local subsidiaries evolved in the course of the continual interaction with internal and external network actors. Second, we conducted comparative analysis on the level of functional capabilities among three clusters, and between the past and the present. Finally, we tried to explain those results based on the unique characteristics of each cluster.

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