Gender Equity in Sport: A Critical Analysis of Tamburrini and Tännsjö’s Genetic Engineering Approach
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Gender equality has been a controversial issue in sport studies. Rather the social relationship than the biological difference between men and women, gender has been effectively used to show unequal power relations between them. In sport studies, gender has been discussed in various ways. For example, the “sexual assimilation” approach does not consider sexual differences to be meaningful. In contrast, the “sexual pluralism” approach argues that gender equality can be achieved with the due respect and interest in sexual differences. Traditional discussions on gender equality in terms of sameness and difference, however, deserve criticism because of their masculinist and liberalist attitudes. In the field of sport philosophy, Jane English and Besty Postow espouse the “affirmative action” approach. Inasmuch as the inequality between the sexes is structuralized in sports, English and Postow’s approach appears to be an effective method to secure women’s right of equality in sports. In a radical manner, Torbjörn Tännsjö and Claudio Tamburrini argue for the elimination of sexual differences altogether using genetic engineering. They contend that it is the only way to gain “real” gender equality because affirmative action may lessen sexual differences but never solves the issue of gender equality deeply rooted in sports. This article hopes to refute Tännsjö and Tamburrini’s approach. My argument is that the “improvement” of a female body into a male body through genetic engineering assumes the latter as normal and the former as inferior and pathological. This article will show that Tännsjö and Tamburrini’s argument remains a racist one insofar as it presupposes one race’s physical traits are better than others’.
Abstract
Gender equality has been a controversial issue in sport studies. Rather the social relationship than the biological difference between men and women, gender has been effectively used to show unequal power relations between them. In sport studies, gender has been discussed in various ways. For example, the “sexual assimilation” approach does not consider sexual differences to be meaningful. In contrast, the “sexual pluralism” approach argues that gender equality can be achieved with the due respect and interest in sexual differences. Traditional discussions on gender equality in terms of sameness and difference, however, deserve criticism because of their masculinist and liberalist attitudes. In the field of sport philosophy, Jane English and Besty Postow espouse the “affirmative action” approach. Inasmuch as the inequality between the sexes is structuralized in sports, English and Postow’s approach appears to be an effective method to secure women’s right of equality in sports. In a radical manner, Torbjörn Tännsjö and Claudio Tamburrini argue for the elimination of sexual differences altogether using genetic engineering. They contend that it is the only way to gain “real” gender equality because affirmative action may lessen sexual differences but never solves the issue of gender equality deeply rooted in sports. This article hopes to refute Tännsjö and Tamburrini’s approach. My argument is that the “improvement” of a female body into a male body through genetic engineering assumes the latter as normal and the former as inferior and pathological. This article will show that Tännsjö and Tamburrini’s argument remains a racist one insofar as it presupposes one race’s physical traits are better than others’.
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