쿠베르탱과 여성스포츠
Coubertin and Women’s Sport
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본 연구의 목적은 왜 쿠베르탱은 여성의 올림픽참여를 반대했었는지, 그러한 입장 견지의 사유와 배경은 무엇인지에 관하여 보다 명증성 있는 고증을 통하여 그 실체를 규명하는 것이었다. 연구문제와 관련하여 일련의 연구결과와 결론이 제시되었다. 첫째, 쿠베르탱의 여성스포츠에 대한 부정적 시각과 빅토리안 시대의 여성의 제한된 사회적 지위와 역할에 대한 사회·문화적 이념과 배경이 여성의 올림픽참여를 배제시킨 주요한 요인이었다. 가부장적 사회 분위기에 의한 여성들의 자기 충족적 방식으로서의 성역할 제한에 순종하였던 조류도 올림픽참여 배제의 파급을 가져오는 방편이 되었다. 둘째, 쿠베르탱의 입장을 근거하고 있는 논리와 실체의 이중성과 모호함은 여성의 스포츠 활동과 올림픽참여의 정당성 측면에서 일탈된 모습과 논리적 모순을 범하고 있다. 셋째, 스포츠와 올림픽의 주체는 영웅적인 용모로서의 남성이라는 그리스 헬레니즘의 예술·교육사상에 천착한 쿠베르탱의 소명의식이 여성의 올림픽참여를 배제시킨 또 하나의 요인이 되었다. 넷째, 나약함과 신체적 허약성으로 각인된 여성에 대한 쿠베르탱의 편협한 시각과 여성의 올림픽참여 금기화는 당시 유럽에 상재했던 국가주의의 상흔과도 관련이 있었을 것으로 파악되었다. 결론적으로, 여성의 참여가 금지되었던 제1회 아테네 대회 이후 유럽에서는 오히려 여성의 스포츠 활동 및 올림픽참여에 대한 인식이 자연스럽게 형성되었으며, 이는 여성스포츠 발전의 새로운 계기와 축으로서 작용되었다. 이 시기는 수 천 년 동안 이어져왔던 여성의 정당한 스포츠참여를 위한 부름이자 새로운 출발과 도약의 에너지를 잉태했던 매우 중요한 시대사적 의의를 갖는다. 종국적으로는 근대올림픽 출범 시에 촉발된 여성참여 배제는 역설적으로 당시 유럽을 포함한 서구사회에서 여성스포츠 발전을 위한 기폭제로서 작용하였다는 점에서 아이러닉하다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine critically the question that why Coubertin reject women to participate in the First Olympic Games in 1896. Its reasons and grounds were focused on this discussion through reviewing the primary and secondary sources relating Coubertin’s work. the following things were the result of this study. First of all, Coubertin’s negative perception about women‘s sport and the social-cultural ideology and background concerning women’s position and role under the circumstance of Victorian era were the major reasons for prohibiting women’s participation in Olympic Games. In addition, the trend of obedience as the self-sufficiency of women’s gender role became a reason for the result of women’s eliminating from the first of Olympic Games. Second, Concerning women’s sport and participation in Olympic Games, the logic and its ground of Coubertin were extremely duplex and ambiguous in terms of principles. This is a corrupt deviation as well as a logical contradiction. Third, Coubertin ruled women out the first Modern Olympic Games, as the result of meaning of the Hellenic thought and art of Greek, by focusing the male into the Olympic Athlete Fourth, it seemed that the narrow-minded viewpoint of Coubertin about women and the prohibition of women’s participation in Olympics would be related with the scar of Nationalism in those era. In conclusion, recognition of the participation in women sport and Olympics were gradually established since the first Olympic Games in European countries. And there could be some affect for the development of women sport. This period means a new request and start for taking off and having energy for the development of women sport. Finally, the prohibition of women’s participation in the period of the start of the Modern Olympic games ironically resulted in the development of women sport and their social position and role in those of society.
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