청소년 개인상담에서 내담자의 강점과 자원의 활용에 대한 상담자의 인식과 경험
Perceptions and Experiences of Counselors on the Use of Adolescent Clients’ Strengths and Assets in Individual Counseling
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본 연구에서는 청소년 개인상담에서 내담자의 강점과 자원의 활용에 대한 전문상담자의 인식과 경험을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 상담 관련 전문가 자격증을 소지하면서 최소 5년 이상의 청소년상담 경력이 있는 12명의 상담자들을 대상으로 전화 인터뷰를 진행하였고, 합의적 질적 연구 방법을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 참여자들은 이전 상담경험, 수퍼비전이나 서적을 통한 간접적인 학습경험 및 청소년의 발달적 특성을 고려해야 한다는 믿음 때문에 개인상담에서 청소년 내담자의 강점과 자원의 활용을 중시하게 되었다고 진술하였다. 내담자의 강점과 자원을 파악하기 위해 초기 면담과 관찰에 의존한다는 응답이 거의 모든 참여자들에게서 나왔고, 내담자와의 협동 작업과 심리검사를 통해 정보를 수집한다는 응답도 전형적인 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 파악된 내담자의 강점과 자원을 상담목표와 전략에 활용한다는 진술이 지배적이었고, 내담자의 내적 자원을 지지하거나, 내담자에 대한 주변인의 관점을 변화시키는 데 활용하다는 응답도 전형적, 변동적 수준으로 각각 파악되었다. 참여자들은 강점과 자원을 활용함으로써 상담과정 및 성과 측면에서 다양한 이득을 얻을 수 있었다고 보고하였다. 효과성 결정 요인과 장애요인에 대해서도 다양한 주제들이 도출되었다. 연구결과를 토대로 상담자 교육과 후속연구에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examined professional counselors' perceptions and experiences of the use of adolescent clients’ strengths and assets in individual counseling. Twelve counselors, who hold an advanced-level certification in counseling and also had a minimum of five years of counseling experience with adolescents, were individually interviewed via telephone and data were analyzed using the consensual qualitative research method. Participants stated that prior counseling experience, indirect learning experience in supervision and reading, and consideration on developmental characteristics of adolescents led to their reliance on strengths and assets in individual counseling. To identify the client’s strengths and assets, respondents typically utilized an initial interview and observation, a collaborative work with the client, or psychological tests. Also, the majority of the participants used the identified strengths and assets in establishing counseling goals and strategies. Support for the client’s internal assets or attempt to change significant others’ views on the client was reported as another way of using the client’s strengths and assets, typically and variantly, respectively. Participants witnessed that strength-oriented counseling approaches benefitted both counseling processes and outcomes. In addition, a variety of themes regarding determinants on effectiveness of and barriers to the use of strengths and assets emerged from the data. Based on the findings of this study, implications for counselor education and future research are discussed.
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