긍정심리학의 설명양식 변화법을 활용한 도덕과 교수텍스트

Abstract

Positive psychology is a kind of moral psychology that presents virtues as pan-cultural values, and its strengths as a practice method. The virtues of positive psychology correspond to the core value of morality, and its strengths correspond to content element. Thus, the empirical methods cultivating and investigating virtues and strengths can be considered as moral teaching-learning methods. When the empirical methods of positive psychology are used as moral teaching-learning methods, we need to note in particular the concept of the 'explanatory style.' The explanatory style is a kind of learned thinking habit, and attitudes of optimism and pessimism are influenced to that style. The methods for changing explanatory style are possible to change through power of self. As a concrete method, positive psychology proposes some programs like ‘Changing Your Child’s Automatic Pessimism,’ ‘Changing Your Child’s Explanatory Style,’ ‘Disputing and Decatastrophizing,’ and ‘Boosting Your Child’s Social Skills.’ By integrating these programs, the moral lesson can be organized as 'connecting thoughts and feelings (knowing about the internal words, connecting thoughts and feelings),’ ‘examining pessimistic thinking (breaking away pessimistic thinking, thinking about various causes),’ ‘thinking optimistically (thinking about self-experience, thinking of the results), and 'acting optimistically (setting goals, deciding and confirming the actions). In this paper, these steps are applied to the moral contents directly related to positive psychology. That moral content is ‘Why is a positive attitude necessary when experiencing difficulties?’ (self-esteem, positive attitude). Through this example, we seek an integrated approach to cultivation of morality that intends to change attitudes and behaviors through changes in cognitive explanatory styles in moral lesson.