능력주의와 그리스도인의 책임 - 디트리히 본회퍼의 ‘책임’과 ‘형성의 윤리’ 개념을 중심으로

Abstract

Although meritocracy began by gaining a lot of sympathy from people, a majority of people feel acutely its brutality in reality contrary to the idea of its justice. This study set out to come up with a couple of alternatives to overcome meritocracy including "formed responsibility" and "Christian ethics of meritocracy" with a focus on Dietrich Bonhoeffer's understanding of "responsibility" and his concept of "ethics of formation." The Christian education circles may begin their efforts to overcome meritocracy by providing education on formed responsibility by Bonhoeffer or "Christians' responsibility" formed by Jesus Christ's Incarnation, Cross, and Resurrection. If they have conversations with a variety of alternatives to meritocracy including "post-meritocracy," "expansion of favorable policies and balanced personnel systems for minority groups," "personality education to cultivate healthy personalities and values," "securement of equal democratic citizenship," and "consideration into diverse distribution principles for the diversification of bottlenecks" and jointly devise policies to overcome meritocracy, they will be able to alleviate the generalization of meritocracy in modern education rife with neo-nepotism and gradually eliminate "winners' arrogance" and "losers' indignity and anger" within meritocracy. It is urgent for the church community to offer "responsibility" education based on Bonhoeffer's "formed responsibility." Not only does "formed responsibility" resist meritocracy, but it also represents Christian abilities to give up "power" acquired unjustly as an outcome of meritocracy(Incarnation's formed responsibility), recognize the death of meritocracy(Cross's formed responsibility), and pursue permanent competence to assist the creation of new life rather than finite competence(Resurrection's formed responsibility). It is also part of Bonhoeffer's ecclesiological community education demanded here and now. Christian ethics of meritocracy based on the formed responsibility of Incarnation, Cross, and Resurrection carved on the competence(talent) as a gift of God makes a request to build a "society for others" beyond a "church for others" and invites people to a position of responsibility that is oriented toward a society of social equality and answers with a life of building a society of getting along together. "Competence" is a gift from God, and "responsibility" is a life task that God gives to those who receive competence. When people form a community relationship with God through Jesus Christ, they can have "good power," which is not attainable by human being for themselves. It is established on the land in the form of "ethics of formation" or "formed responsibility" through the formation of Jesus Christ's Incarnation, Cross, and Resurrection. Christian ethics-education of meritocracy, which began with Bonhoeffer's concept of church and is against the backdrop of "formed responsibility" that reorganizes the concept of "ethics of formation" on the horizon of responsibility, is timely "ecclesiological community education" that is urgently requested to move toward a society for others beyond a church for others. The ultimate goals of education on "formed responsibility" and "Christian ethics of meritocracy" are to reduce the harmful effects of meritocracy and build a just society, society of social equality, and "society for others" on this land. Furthermore, it is education fit for the reality that seeks after "good power" that Bonhoeffer requested in his poem prayers during a dismal time of crisis following the outbreak of WWII or "God's good power through Jesus Christ" and "competence for others" in a society of meritocracy here and now.