중국계 流移民의 來投와 高句麗의 대응방식 ― 중국계 유이민의 遼東지역 世居를 중심으로 ―
Chinese Emigrants' Naetu(來投, to come and surrender) and the Response of Goguryeo — Focusing on Chinese Emigrants’ Residing for Generations in Liaodong Area —
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The epitaph, which claimed to be the Chinese descent, usually presented historical figures or events described in the records to reveal that their ancestors came from China. This was thought to be a way to increase the veracity of the claim, however, it was overlooked that there was a premise that the ancestors from China existed. In this sense, the epitaph claiming to be the Chinese descent shows that there were people of Chinese descent residing for generations in the territory of the late Goguryeo period. In addition, the place names that show their surrender to the Tang Dynasty indicate that there were emigrants of Chinese descent arranged in the Liaodong region. Goguryeo made efforts to secure Chinese emigrants and actively made use of them under the policy of SujaeSuim(隨才授任, to entrust office based on one’s talent). It was more important whether they were useful in the state development and foreign strategy of Goguryeo than the size of the groups that they brought. An example for that was Dongsu(冬壽), who had entered Goguryeo all alone, played an active part in the management of Nangnang, Daebang(樂浪･帶方) area. In addition, Goguryeo's dissolution of the affiliated relationship between the king of Northern Yan(北燕王) and the people of Helong Castle(和龍城民) showed the reorganization of the emigrant group, which was different from the relationship between the northern emigrants and Southern Dynasties(南朝) of China that guaranteed their own identity. Meanwhile, the highest political and social status Chinese emigrants obtained in Goguryeo society is interpreted as middle grade nobility. Although it was thought that they could obtain up to the office of Yoksal(褥薩) based on the epitaph that claimed Chinese descent, but the top five official rank(官位) monopolized the administration of state affairs of Goguryeo. Yoksal was one of the important offices that those of official rank could obtain. It is hard to consider that foreigners could obtain this privileged class. On the other hand, the Chinese emigrants are thought to have many uses in connection with the construction of military defense system of Liaodong. They were assigned as Songni(屬吏) or the people of castle(城民), and it seems to be the origin of Chinese emigrants who had resided for generations in Liaodong until the late Goguryeo period.
Abstract
The epitaph, which claimed to be the Chinese descent, usually presented historical figures or events described in the records to reveal that their ancestors came from China. This was thought to be a way to increase the veracity of the claim, however, it was overlooked that there was a premise that the ancestors from China existed. In this sense, the epitaph claiming to be the Chinese descent shows that there were people of Chinese descent residing for generations in the territory of the late Goguryeo period. In addition, the place names that show their surrender to the Tang Dynasty indicate that there were emigrants of Chinese descent arranged in the Liaodong region. Goguryeo made efforts to secure Chinese emigrants and actively made use of them under the policy of SujaeSuim(隨才授任, to entrust office based on one’s talent). It was more important whether they were useful in the state development and foreign strategy of Goguryeo than the size of the groups that they brought. An example for that was Dongsu(冬壽), who had entered Goguryeo all alone, played an active part in the management of Nangnang, Daebang(樂浪･帶方) area. In addition, Goguryeo's dissolution of the affiliated relationship between the king of Northern Yan(北燕王) and the people of Helong Castle(和龍城民) showed the reorganization of the emigrant group, which was different from the relationship between the northern emigrants and Southern Dynasties(南朝) of China that guaranteed their own identity. Meanwhile, the highest political and social status Chinese emigrants obtained in Goguryeo society is interpreted as middle grade nobility. Although it was thought that they could obtain up to the office of Yoksal(褥薩) based on the epitaph that claimed Chinese descent, but the top five official rank(官位) monopolized the administration of state affairs of Goguryeo. Yoksal was one of the important offices that those of official rank could obtain. It is hard to consider that foreigners could obtain this privileged class. On the other hand, the Chinese emigrants are thought to have many uses in connection with the construction of military defense system of Liaodong. They were assigned as Songni(屬吏) or the people of castle(城民), and it seems to be the origin of Chinese emigrants who had resided for generations in Liaodong until the late Goguryeo period.
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